Liver disease accompanied by enteropathy in common variable immunodeficiency: Common pathophysiological mechanisms.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the inborn errors of immunity that have the greatest clinical impact. Rates of morbidity and mortality are higher in patients with CVID who develop liver disease than in those who do not. The main liver disorder in CVID is nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH), the cause of which remains unclear and for which there is as yet no treatment.

Nitro-Heterocyclic compounds induce apoptosis-like effects in promastigotes.

Background: Three drugs - pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B and pentamidine - are currently used for leishmaniasis treatment. They are administered for long periods, only parenterally, and have high cardiac, renal and hepatic toxicities. Therefore, the investigation of new compounds is required.

Yellow fever and orthotopic liver transplantation: new insights from the autopsy room for an old but re-emerging disease.

Aims: The clinical spectrum of yellow fever (YF) ranges from asymptomatic to fulminant hepatitis. During the sylvatic YF epidemic in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil in 2018, seven orthotopic liver transplantations (OLTs) were performed in our institution to treat fulminant YF hepatitis. Three patients recovered, while four patients died following OLT.

Cell death mechanisms in Leishmania amazonensis triggered by methylene blue-mediated antiparasitic photodynamic therapy.

Antiparasitic photodynamic therapy (ApPDT) is an emerging approach to manage cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) since no side effects, contraindications and parasite resistance have been reported. In addition, methylene blue (MB) is a suitable photosensitizer to mediate ApPDT on CL. In this study we aimed to look for the best parameters to eradicate Leishmania amazonensis and investigated the cell death pathways involved in MB-mediated ApPDT.

Esophageal mucosa in HIV infection: A"deeper" look at this little spoken organ.

Background And Aim: Although the esophagus is a common site of opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, little is known about the impact of HIV as well as opportunistic infection in the esophageal mucosa. Our aim is to analyze the esophageal immune profile in HIV+ patients with different immunological status with and without the opportunistic Candida infection.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry to CD4 and CD8 T-cells, γ-interferon, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17 was performed in esophageal samples of 40 chronically HIV+ patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (16 with Candida esophagitis, 12 virologically non-supressed with blood CD4 count < 500, and 12 virologically suppressed with blood CD4 count > 500; the latter two groups without esophageal candidiasis).

Ultrastructure of vascular permeability in urticaria.

Background: Few studies have addressed the ultrastructure of vascular permeability in urticaria.

Objectives: To describe the types of endothelial cell organelles involved in vascular permeability in drug-induced acute urticaria (DIAU).

Methods: Seven patients with DIAU were enrolled in the study.

Immunoelectron microscopy study of superficial skin nerves in drug-induced acute urticaria.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the ultrastructure of the superficial skin nerves in urticaria.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe findings in superficial skin nerves in cases of drug-induced acute urticaria.

Methods: Seven patients with drug-induced acute urticaria were included in the study.

Diffuse-regressive alterations and apoptosis of myocytes: possible causes of myocardial dysfunction in HIV-related cardiomyopathy.

Objective: To determine the frequency of cardiac alterations in necropsies of AIDS patients in pre-HAART era and better understand the pathogenesis of HIV-related cardiomyopathy.

Design: Retrospective study of 94 complete necropsies.

Method: Macroscopic, histopathologic (histochemical, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques) and ultra structural myocardial evaluation (23 cases).

Pruritic papular eruption associated with HIV-etiopathogenesis evaluated by clinical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis.

Pruritic Papular Eruption with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (PPE-HIV) is characterized by symmetrically distributed papules with pruritus in the skin of patients suffering advanced HIV infection. Although known since 1985, the etiology of this symptomatic dermatitis is unclear. We set out to characterize the phenotype of the infiltrating cells and the cytokine profile in the lesions, as an attempt to contribute to determining its etiopathogenesis.

Revisiting the liver in human yellow fever: virus-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes associated with TGF-beta, TNF-alpha and NK cells activity.

Flavivirus infection as dengue and yellow fever persists as a terrible menace to pandemics, due to Aedes prevalence in the Americas. Yellow fever is characterized by hepatocyte damage, with steatosis, apoptosis and necrosis, mainly in the midzonal region of the liver, but the injury mechanism has not been studied at the light of recent knowledge, such as the advances in cell death mechanisms, inflammatory response and cytokine cell expression tools. We studied 53 human liver paraffin embedded blocks from patients who died with yellow fever, all with histological demonstration of higher prevalence of apoptosis over necrosis and mild disproportionate inflammatory response.

Reconsideration of histopathology and ultrastructural aspects of the human liver in yellow fever.

Yellow fever is a re-emerging infectious disease that currently is at risk of urbanization due to the advance of the Aedes aegypti vector. The disease affects about 200,000 individuals annually, mainly in tropical Africa and South America. It causes severe disease involving especially the liver, with lesions characterized by midzonal steatosis, apoptosis and lytic necrosis of the hepatocytes.

Ultrastructural study of the pancreas in AIDS.

Introduction: Frequent histologic changes (90%) in the pancreas suggesting protein-energy malnutrition were found in a previous necropsy study of pancreas morphology in patients with AIDS. However, additional studies were required to clarify subcellular changes.

Aim: To ultrastructurally analyze pancreas changes in AIDS patients through transmission electron microscopy.