Early-Transmitted Variants and Their Evolution in a HIV-1 Positive Couple: NGS and Phylogenetic Analyses.

We had access to both components of a couple who became infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 through sexual behavior during the early initial phase of infection and before initiation of therapy. We analyzed blood samples obtained at the time of diagnosis and after six months of combined antiretroviral therapy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and phylogenetic analyses were used to investigate the transmission and evolution of HIV-1 quasispecies.

Emergency Lung Transplantation after COVID-19: Immunopathological Insights on Two Affected Patients.

We herein characterize the immunopathological features of two Italian COVID-19 patients who underwent bilateral lung transplantation (bLTx). Removed lungs underwent histopathological evaluation. Gene expression profiling (GEP) for immune-related signatures was performed on lung specimens and SARS-CoV-2-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Quantifying the impact of eight unit operations on the survival of eight Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties.

This study assessed the impact of eight unit operations [slow pasteurization, high-temperature short time (HTST) pasteurization, cooking, baking, drying, fermentation, supercritical carbon dioxide (CO), irradiation and extrusion] in different food matrices (milk, orange juice, meatballs, bread, crystallized pineapple, yogurt, orange juice, ground black pepper, snacks, and spaghetti) on the resistance of eight (Bacillus flexus Hk1 Bacillus subtilis Bn1, Bacillus licheniformis Me1, Bacillus mojavensis KJS3, Bacillus subtilis PXN21, Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 and Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086) Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties (PB). The number of decimal reductions (γ) caused by the unit operations varied (p < 0.05) amongst the PB.

The regulation of the DNA damage response at telomeres: focus on kinases.

The natural ends of linear chromosomes resemble those of accidental double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs induce a multifaceted cellular response that promotes the repair of lesions and slows down cell cycle progression. This response is not elicited at chromosome ends, which are organized in nucleoprotein structures called telomeres.

UV-C irradiation is highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 replication.

The potential virucidal effects of UV-C irradiation on SARS-CoV-2 were experimentally evaluated for different illumination doses and virus concentrations (1000, 5, 0.05 MOI). At a virus density comparable to that observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection, an UV-C dose of just 3.

The Role of the Inflammasome in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic, progressive disorders that occur in the central nervous system (CNS). They are characterized by the loss of neuronal structure and function and are associated with inflammation. Inflammation of the CNS is called neuroinflammation, which has been implicated in most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Kernel characterization and starch morphology in five varieties of Peruvian Andean maize.

Peruvian Andean maize (PAM) has been commonly used as an ingredient that confers color, flavor, and texture in culinary. Nevertheless, no studies are focusing on agro-industrial interest characteristics to develop new products. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, nutritional, and technological characteristics of kernels and the starch granule morphology of the five main PAM varieties: Chullpi, Piscorunto, Giant Cuzco, Sacsa, and Purple.

Young culm of Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa tuldoides and B. Vulgaris as source of hemicellulosic dietary fibers for the food industry.

Bamboo is a grass that has gained economic attention in the food industry as a source of dietary fiber, and the young bamboo culm may be an alternative to supply fibers to the market. The objective was to evaluate and characterize different portions (bottom, middle and top) of the young bamboo culm fibrous fractions from Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa tuldoides and B. vulgaris regarding their color parameters, physicochemical composition and hemicellulosic polysaccharide characterization.

ERAPs Reduce In Vitro HIV Infection by Activating Innate Immune Response.

Recombinant human (rh) ERAP2-treated PBMCs are less susceptible to in vitro HIV-1 infection even when CD8 T cells are depleted. We therefore investigated whether ERAP2 can trigger other immunocompetent cells, boosting their antiviral potential. To this end, human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) differentiated from PBMCs of 15 healthy donors were in vitro HIV-1 infected in the presence/absence of 100 ng/ml of rhERAP2, rhERAP1, or rhERAP1+rhERAP2.

Rehabilitation and Disability Spectrum From Adverse Childhood Experience: The Impact of the Movement Cognition and Narration of Emotions Treatment (MCNT) Version 2.0.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are associated with an increased risk of cerebral, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes, and vulnerability to develop a Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF). BIF is characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range 70-85, poor executive functioning, difficulties in emotion processing, and motor competencies. All these difficulties can lead to mental and/or neurodevelopmental disorders that require long-term care.

[Intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in community psychiatry].

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a relevant public health issue due to its consequences on physical and mental health (mainly depression and post traumatic stress disorder) and then on the healthcare system.

Aims: The main goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and consequences of IPV in a sample of women admitted to an outpatient clinic for anxiety and depression (VADEMECUM).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 150 patients who entered the aforementioned outpatient clinic of the ASST San Gerardo Hospital in Monza (Italy) during the period October 2016-May 2017.

Gluten-free rice & bean biscuit: characterization of a new food product.

As the market does not offer a portable and long-lasting product combining rice and beans in a single preparation, this study intends to characterize a new and alternative gluten-free biscuit, based on the most classic Brazilian staple food: rice and beans. For that, six formulations were designed to test using those ingredients as raw flours and cooked grains. One of them, formulated with wheat flour served as control.

SARS-CoV-2 viability on different surfaces after gaseous ozone treatment: a preliminary evaluation.

COVID-19 is a global health threat with a huge number of confirmed cases and deaths all over the world. Human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets and contact with aerosol-infected surfaces are the major routes of virus spread. Because SARS-CoV-2 can remain in the air and on surfaces from several hours to several days, disinfection of frequently touched surfaces and critical rooms, in addition to observing individual hygiene tips, is required to reduce the virus spreading.

Impact of ripening on the health-promoting components from fruta-do-lobo (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill).

Fruta-do-lobo (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill) is an underutilized native fruit commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado, very known due to the presence of glycoalkaloids. In this work we evaluated the biochemical changes on carbohydrates, phenolic and alkaloids during ripening of fruta-do-lobo using chromatographic and spectrometric techniques.

Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Womb to Adulthood: Suggestions for a Paradigm Shift.

The wide spectrum of unique needs and strengths of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a challenge for the worldwide healthcare system. With the plethora of information from research, a common thread is required to conceptualize an exhaustive pathogenetic paradigm. The epidemiological and clinical findings in ASD cannot be explained by the traditional linear genetic model, hence the need to move towards a more fluid conception, integrating genetics, environment, and epigenetics as a whole.

Supercontinuum generation in dispersion engineered AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguides.

The effect of engineering the dispersion of AlGaAs-on-insulator (AlGaAs-OI) waveguides on supercontinuum generation is investigated at telecom wavelengths. The pronounced effect the waveguide width has on the nonlinear dynamics governing the supercontinua is systematically analyzed and the coherence of the spectra verified with numerical simulations. Using dispersion engineered AlGaAs-OI waveguides, broadband supercontinua were readily obtained for pulse energies of [Formula: see text] and a device length of only 3 mm.

Kinetochore proteins and microtubule-destabilizing factors are fast evolving in eutherian mammals.

Centromeres have central functions in chromosome segregation, but centromeric DNA and centromere-binding proteins evolve rapidly in most eukaryotes. The selective pressure(s) underlying the fast evolution of centromere-binding proteins are presently unknown. An attractive possibility is that selfish centromeres promote their preferential inclusion in the oocyte and centromeric proteins evolve to suppress meiotic drive (centromere drive hypothesis).

All-Optical Two-Color Terahertz Emission from Quasi-2D Nonlinear Surfaces.

Two-color terahertz (THz) generation is a field-matter process combining an optical pulse and its second harmonic. Its application in condensed matter is challenged by the lack of phase matching among multiple interacting fields. Here, we demonstrate phase-matching-free two-color THz conversion in condensed matter by introducing a highly resonant absorptive system.

Quantitative MRI using STrategically Acquired Gradient Echo (STAGE): optimization for 1.5 T scanners and T1 relaxation map validation.

Objectives: The strategically acquired gradient echo (STAGE) protocol, developed for 3T scanners, allows one to derive quantitative maps such as T1, T2*, proton density, and quantitative susceptibility mapping in about 5 min. Our aim was to adapt the STAGE sequences for 1.5T scanners which are still commonly used in clinical practice.

Procoagulant Imbalance in Klinefelter Syndrome Assessed by Thrombin Generation Assay and Whole-Blood Thromboelastometry.

Context: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a condition at increased risk of thrombosis compared to 46,XY men.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the coagulation balance of KS patients by thrombin generation assay (TGA) and thromboelastometry.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 tertiary endocrinological centers in Milan, Italy.

Cannabis and Pregnancy: A Psychiatric, Medical, or General Population Issue?

Background: Cannabis use during pregnancy may adversely affect the health of pregnant women and their fetus. Several recent surveys led in the US general population in the last decade showed an increase in cannabis use during pregnancy from 1.95 to 7%, with a 0.