Staging of immuno-virological dynamics during acute HIV infection in a Belgian prospective cohort study.

Background: The events during acute HIV infection (AHI) set the stage for the subsequent course of the disease. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with favorable immunovirological outcomes, yet the precise impact of ART timing during AHI remains unclear, particularly on lymphoid tissues.

Materials And Methods: The ACS cohort is a prospective cohort study in Belgium, collecting longitudinal clinical data and human bodily material (HBM) from people diagnosed and treated during AHI.

Thorough Validation of Optimized Size Exclusion Chromatography-Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Natural Organic Matter in Fresh Waters.

Size exclusion chromatography with total organic carbon detection (HPSEC-TOC) is a widely employed technique for characterizing aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) into high, medium, and low molecular weight fractions. This study validates the suitability of HPSEC-TOC for a simplified yet efficient routine analysis of freshwater and its application within drinking water treatment plants. The investigation highlights key procedural considerations for optimal results and shows the importance of sample preservation by refrigeration with a maximum storage duration of two weeks.

Longitudinal patterns of inflammatory mediators after acute HIV infection correlate to intact and total reservoir.

Background: Despite the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during acute HIV infection (AHI), residual immune activation remains a hallmark of treated HIV infection.

Methods: Plasma concentrations of 40 mediators were measured longitudinally in 39 early treated participants of a Belgian AHI cohort (HIV+) and in 21 HIV-negative controls (HIV-). We investigated the association of the inflammatory profile with clinical presentation, plasma viral load, immunological parameters, and in-depth characterization of the HIV reservoir.

Rethinking IL-1 Antagonism in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Role for IL-1 Signaling in the Development of Antiviral T Cell Immunity.

IL-1R integrates signals from IL-1α and IL-1β, and it is widely expressed across tissues and immune cell types. While the expression pattern and function of IL-1R within the innate immune system is well studied, its role in adaptive immunity, particularly within the CD8 T cell compartment, remains underexplored. Here, we show that CD8 T cells dynamically upregulate IL-1R1 levels during priming by APCs, which correlates with their proliferation status and the acquisition of an effector phenotype.

Efficient mapping of lignin depolymerization product pools and quantification of specific monomers through rapid GPC-HPLC-UV/VIS analysis.

Background: Growing research on lignin depolymerization to functionalized bio-aromatics has necessitated dedicated analysis techniques. However, immense variability in molecular weight and functional groups of the depolymerization products impedes fast analysis of a large number of samples while remaining in-depth enough for catalyst screening or reaction condition optimization. While GPC-HPLC-UV/VIS has been a promising technique, up until now, the information it provides is largely qualitative.

Azimuthal Correlations within Exclusive Dijets with Large Momentum Transfer in Photon-Lead Collisions.

The structure of nucleons is multidimensional and depends on the transverse momenta, spatial geometry, and polarization of the constituent partons. Such a structure can be studied using high-energy photons produced in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions. The first measurement of the azimuthal angular correlations of exclusively produced events with two jets in photon-lead interactions at large momentum transfer is presented, a process that is considered to be sensitive to the underlying nuclear gluon polarization.

In-depth virological and immunological characterization of HIV-1 cure after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Despite scientific evidence originating from two patients published to date that CCR5Δ32/Δ32 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the knowledge of immunological and virological correlates of cure is limited. Here we characterize a case of long-term HIV-1 remission of a 53-year-old male who was carefully monitored for more than 9 years after allogeneic CCR5Δ32/Δ32 HSCT performed for acute myeloid leukemia. Despite sporadic traces of HIV-1 DNA detected by droplet digital PCR and in situ hybridization assays in peripheral T cell subsets and tissue-derived samples, repeated ex vivo quantitative and in vivo outgrowth assays in humanized mice did not reveal replication-competent virus.

Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton-proton collisions at .

Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm ( ) quark in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 are reported. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 19.7 collected by the CMS detector at the LHC.

Loss of GM-CSF-dependent instruction of alveolar macrophages in COVID-19 provides a rationale for inhaled GM-CSF treatment.

GM-CSF promotes myelopoiesis and inflammation, and GM-CSF blockade is being evaluated as a treatment for COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation. Alveolar GM-CSF is, however, required for monocytes to differentiate into alveolar macrophages (AMs) that control alveolar homeostasis. By mapping cross-species AM development to clinical lung samples, we discovered that COVID-19 is marked by defective GM-CSF-dependent AM instruction and accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages.

Probing Charm Quark Dynamics via Multiparticle Correlations in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV.

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations of prompt D^{0} mesons are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. For the first time, a four-particle cumulant method is used to extract the second Fourier coefficient of the azimuthal distribution (v_{2}) of D^{0} mesons as a function of event centrality and the D^{0} transverse momentum.

Search for Resonances Decaying to Three W Bosons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

A search for resonances decaying into a W boson and a radion, where the radion decays into two W bosons, is presented. The data analyzed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} recorded in proton-proton collisions with the CMS detector at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. One isolated charged lepton is required, together with missing transverse momentum and one or two massive large-radius jets, containing the decay products of either two or one W bosons, respectively.

Search for low-mass dilepton resonances in Higgs boson decays to four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at .

A search for low-mass dilepton resonances in Higgs boson decays is conducted in the four-lepton final state. The decay is assumed to proceed via a pair of beyond the standard model particles, or one such particle and a boson. The search uses proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 , at a center-of-mass energy .

Using Z Boson Events to Study Parton-Medium Interactions in Pb-Pb Collisions.

The spectra measurements of charged hadrons produced in the shower of a parton originating in the same hard scattering with a leptonically decaying Z boson are reported in lead-lead nuclei (Pb-Pb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. Both Pb-Pb and pp data sets are recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.

Search for strongly interacting massive particles generating trackless jets in proton-proton collisions at .

A search for dark matter in the form of strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) using the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. The SIMPs would be produced in pairs that manifest themselves as pairs of jets without tracks. The energy fraction of jets carried by charged particles is used as a key discriminator to suppress efficiently the large multijet background, and the remaining background is estimated directly from data.

Evidence for X(3872) in Pb-Pb Collisions and Studies of its Prompt Production at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV.

The first evidence for X(3872) production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is reported. The X(3872) production is studied in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV per nucleon pair, using the decay chain X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}→μ^{+}μ^{-}π^{+}π^{-}.

Measurements of the Electroweak Diboson Production Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=5.02 TeV Using Leptonic Decays.

The first measurements of diboson production cross sections in proton-proton interactions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are reported. They are based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 302  pb^{-1}.

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at .

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented.

Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at in 2015 and 2016 at CMS.

The measurement of the luminosity recorded by the CMS detector installed at LHC interaction point 5, using proton-proton collisions at in 2015 and 2016, is reported. The absolute luminosity scale is measured for individual bunch crossings using beam-separation scans (the van der Meer method), with a relative precision of 1.3 and 1.

Search for a heavy vector resonance decaying to a boson and a Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at .

A search is presented for a heavy vector resonance decaying into a boson and the standard model Higgs boson, where the boson is identified through its leptonic decays to electrons, muons, or neutrinos, and the Higgs boson is identified through its hadronic decays. The search is performed in a Lorentz-boosted regime and is based on data collected from 2016 to 2018 at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 . Upper limits are derived on the production of a narrow heavy resonance , and a mass below 3.

Search for charged Higgs bosons produced in vector boson fusion processes and decaying into vector boson pairs in proton-proton collisions at .

A search for charged Higgs bosons produced in vector boson fusion processes and decaying into vector bosons, using proton-proton collisions at at the LHC, is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 collected with the CMS detector. Events are selected by requiring two or three electrons or muons, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass.

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements.

This paper presents new sets of parameters ("tunes") for the underlying-event model of the event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in , and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at , 7, and . The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.

Measurements of angular distance and momentum ratio distributions in three-jet and + two-jet final states in collisions.

Collinear (small-angle) and large-angle, as well as soft and hard radiations are investigated in three-jet and  + two-jet events collected in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The normalized production cross sections are measured as a function of the ratio of transverse momenta of two jets and their angular separation. The measurements in the three-jet and  + two-jet events are based on data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 8 , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.

MUSiC: a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at .

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 , are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model.

Measurements of production cross sections of the Higgs boson in the four-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at .

Production cross sections of the Higgs boson are measured in the ( ) decay channel. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 , collected by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 is used. The signal strength modifier , defined as the ratio of the Higgs boson production rate in the channel to the standard model (SM) expectation, is measured to be at a fixed value of .