Metabolites and growth factors produced by airway epithelial cells induce tolerance in macrophages.

Macrophages play a role in preventing inflammation in the respiratory tract. To investigate the mechanisms that lead to tolerance in macrophages, we examined the crosstalk between airway epithelial cells (AECs) and macrophages using a 2D coculture model. Culture of macrophages with AECs led to a significant inhibition of LPS induced pro-inflammatory responses.

Neuromyelitis optica is an HLA associated disease different from Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis are idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system that currently are considered distinct autoimmune diseases, so differences in genetic susceptibility would be expected. This study aimed to investigate the HLA association with Neuromyelitis Optica by a systematic review with meta-analysis. The STROBE instrument guided research paper assessments.

Enhanced Th17 phenotype in uninfected neonates born from viremic HIV-1-infected pregnant women.

Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro functional profile of T cells from uninfected neonates born from HIV-1-infected pregnant women who controlled (G1) or not (G2) the virus replication. We demonstrated that the lymphoproliferation of T cell to polyclonal activators was higher in the G2 as compared with G1. Nevertheless, no detectable proliferative response was observed in response to HIV-1 antigens in both neonate groups.

Glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans exacerbates in vitro yeast cell growth by interleukin 10-dependent inhibition of CD4+ T lymphocyte responses.

Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, is the most important virulence factor of this fungus. We analyzed the molecular events related to protective immune responses against a non-encapsulated strain of C. neoformans, mediated by murine splenic CD4(+) T lymphocytes in vitro, and the impact of GXM addition upon these events.