Small-molecule properties define partitioning into biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates regulate cellular function by compartmentalizing molecules without a surrounding membrane. Condensate function arises from the specific exclusion or enrichment of molecules. Thus, understanding condensate composition is critical to characterizing condensate function.

The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa's major land uses.

Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species' population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate 'intactness scores': the remaining proportion of an 'intact' reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region's major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.

Effectiveness of primary care psychological therapy services for treating depression and anxiety in autistic adults in England: a retrospective, matched, observational cohort study of national health-care records.

Background: Autistic adults report a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression than adults without identified autism but have poorer access to appropriate mental health care. Evidence-based psychological therapies are recommended in treatment guidelines for autistic adults, but no study has investigated their effectiveness in large samples representative of the autistic population accessing routine care. This study aimed to examine therapy outcomes for autistic adults in a primary care service.

Grief and loss in people living with dementia: a review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies.

Objectives: This review seeks to synthesise qualitative studies that focus on the experience of grief and loss in people living with dementia.

Methods: Included studies were quality appraised, synthesised and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results: 19 studies were selected for inclusion in the final review and metasynthesis, including 486 participants (115 participants living with dementia, 152 family carers, 219 professionals).

Total neoadjuvant therapy in oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction represent a large burden of cancer death in the Western World with an increasing incidence. In the past two decades, the overall survival of patients on a potentially curative treatment pathway has more than doubled due to the addition of perioperative oncological therapies to surgery. However, patients often fail to respond to oncological treatment or struggle to complete their treatment after surgery.

Endings and the end of treatment bell in paediatric cancer treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of children's perspectives.

Unlabelled: Advancements in paediatric oncology have made quality of life after cancer increasingly clinically important. Little is currently known about children's experiences of treatment completion and its management.

Aim: The current study explores children's experience of ending treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), and the meaning it is given, particularly how endings are signified and marked.

Using Data Science for Mechanistic Insights and Selectivity Predictions in a Non-Natural Biocatalytic Reaction.

The study of non-natural biocatalytic transformations relies heavily on empirical methods, such as directed evolution, for identifying improved variants. Although exceptionally effective, this approach provides limited insight into the molecular mechanisms behind the transformations and necessitates multiple protein engineering campaigns for new reactants. To address this limitation, we disclose a strategy to explore the biocatalytic reaction space and garner insight into the molecular mechanisms driving enzymatic transformations.

Extra-peritoneal Laparoscopic Resection of Benign Prostate Adenoma >150 CC with preservation of posterior wall of prostatic urethra: Dundee Technique and early outcomes.

Background: There are limited options for men with large benign prostates (>150cc) and bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Management options include surgery (open or minimal access) and endoscopic procedures. There is a paucity of literature on outcomes for prostates >150cc.

Chameleon project: a children's end-of-life care quality improvement project.

In response to there being no specialist paediatric palliative care (PPC) team in a region of England, we undertook a 12-month quality improvement project (funded by National Health Service England's Marginal Rate Emergency Threshold and Readmission fund) to improve children's end-of-life care.Improvements were implemented during two plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles and included specialist experts, clinical champions, focused education and training, and tools and materials to support identification, care planning and communication. A lead paediatrician with expertise in PPC (10 hours/week) led the project, supported by a PPC nurse (3 days/week) and a network administrator (2 days/week).

Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a silver lining during the COVID pandemic for a patient with locally advanced diffuse distal gastric adenocarcinoma.

Perioperative oncological therapies resulting in pathological complete response (pCR) in diffuse-type distal gastric adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. We report a case of locally advanced (cT3 N2 M0) diffuse-type distal gastric adenocarcinoma treated with 'total neoadjuvant' FLOT (eight cycles), due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and laparoscopic radical subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The patient demonstrated a progressive radiological response on positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose integrated with computed tomography (F-FDG PET-CT) and pCR in the resected specimen (ypT0 N0).

Acute surgical admissions at the end of life-an analysis of non-operative hospital deaths.

Background: Patients with advanced illnesses are often admitted with acute surgical emergencies. There is currently no evidence characterising such admissions. We aimed to evaluate emergency patients, managed non-operatively, who died during the same admission.

Companion Animal Type and Level of Engagement Matter: A Mixed-Methods Study Examining Links between Companion Animal Guardianship, Loneliness and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, countries worldwide placed limitations on social interaction, which is anticipated to have severe psychological consequences. Although findings are inconsistent, prior research has suggested that companion animals may positively influence human well-being and reduce loneliness. In the context of COVID-19, this has important implications, as companion animal guardians may be less negatively affected by the pandemic.

A qualitative insight into time-poor/grade-hungry health studies students' perceptions of using assessment criteria and feedback in assignment writing.

Background: Grade-led study and surface-learning approaches compromise student success at undergraduate level. However, encouraging students to adopt deeper approaches to learning can feel like an endless challenge for staff in the current consumerist university climate.

Objective: This study explored undergraduate health studies students' current use, experiences and perceptions of assessment criteria in relation to their assignment writing and feedback.

Supporting mental health service users to stop smoking: findings from a process evaluation of the implementation of smokefree policies into two mental health trusts.

Background: Life expectancy is 10-20 years lower among people with a severe mental health disorder. Most of these early deaths are due to chronic conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking is a major risk factor for these conditions and introducing smokefree policies has been recommended to mental health service providers in England by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), in their Public Health Guideline 48: Smoking: acute, maternity and mental health services.

Incidental giant cystic pheochromocytoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma is a tumour arising from the adrenal medulla, which secretes catecholamines. Approximately 20% of pheochromocytomas are cystic and more likely to be asymptomatic. They should be surgically resected as all have a malignant potential and pose cardiovascular risk.

Self-help interventions to reduce self-stigma in people with mental health problems: A systematic literature review.

People with mental health problems often experience self-stigma, whereby they internalise stereotypic or stigmatising views held by others. Self-stigma is known to have negative effects on self-esteem and self-efficacy and a continuing impact on psychological wellbeing. Self-help interventions designed to reduce self-stigma may have an important contribution to make.

Correction: Interventions for treating children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: an overview of Cochrane reviews.

This paper was originally published under a standard licence. This has now been amended to a CC BY licence in the PDF and HTML.

Interventions for treating children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: an overview of Cochrane reviews.

Children and adolescents with overweight and obesity are a global health concern. This is an integrative overview of six Cochrane systematic reviews, providing an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence examining interventions for the treatment of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The data extraction and quality assessments for each review were conducted by one author and checked by a second.

A mixed method evaluation of adult tier 2 lifestyle weight management service provision across a county in Northern England.

Adult obesity in the UK remains a public health priority. Current guidance recommends local areas provide multicomponent interventions to treat adults with overweight and obesity; however, there is currently a dearth of published evidence on the evaluation of these programmes. This study reports on a mixed method evaluation of seven tier 2 weight management programmes funded by a local authority in the North of England through their public health grant (a lifestyle multicomponent weight management programme for the treatment of adults with overweight and obesity, but not severe obesity, or obesity with severe co-morbidities).

Traps and transformations influencing the financial viability of tourism on private-land conservation areas.

The ability of private conservation organizations to remain financially viable is a key factor influencing their effectiveness. One-third of financially motivated private-land conservation areas (PLCAs) surveyed in South Africa are unprofitable, raising questions about landowners' abilities to effectively adapt their business models to the socioeconomic environment. In any complex system, options for later adaptation can be constrained by starting conditions (path dependence).

Positives and pathologies of natural resource management on private land-conservation areas.

In managed natural resource systems, such as fisheries and rangelands, there is a recognized trade-off between managing for short-term benefits and managing for longer term resilience. Management actions that stabilize ecological attributes or processes can improve productivity in the supply of ecosystem goods and services in the short term but erode system resilience at longer time scales. For example, fire suppression in rangelands can increase grass biomass initially but ultimately result in an undesirable, shrub-dominated system.