Publications by authors named "Clement M"

Clinal variation across replicated environmental gradients can reveal evidence of local adaptation, providing insight into the demographic and evolutionary processes that shape intraspecific diversity. Using 1773 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms we evaluated latitudinal variation in allele frequency for 134 populations of North American and European Atlantic salmon (). We detected 84 (4.

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This study examines how the relationship between urbanization (measured as the percentage of total population living in urban areas) and the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) (measured as a ratio of carbon dioxide emissions and life expectancy) in most nations from 1960-2013 varies based on the economic context and whereabouts of a substantial portion of a nation's urban population. To accomplish this, we use the United Nations' (UN) definition of slum households to identify developing countries that have substantial slum populations, and estimate a Prais-Winsten regression model with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), allowing for disturbances that are heteroskedastic and contemporaneously correlated across panels. Our findings indicate that the rate of increase in CIWB for countries without substantial slum populations begins to slow down at higher levels of urbanization, however, the association between urbanization and CIWB is much smaller in countries with substantial slum populations.

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Article Synopsis
  • Modern neuroscience often involves recording local field potentials (LFPs) from moving animals, with wireless transmission eliminating the need for cumbersome wires, but it faces challenges due to high data transmission rates.
  • To address this, a new encoder/decoder scheme based on adaptive non-uniform quantization is proposed, which dynamically adjusts quantization intervals based on the changing statistics of LFP signals, allowing for efficient real-time data transmission without needing extra side information.
  • The development of an open-source neural recording device called NeRD shows promising results, as it can effectively transmit LFPs from freely moving rats while being small, lightweight, and power-efficient, thus enabling practical use in the field of neuroscience.
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We evaluated the syphilis reverse sequence algorithm (RSA) in a Veteran Affairs facility, finding 5.5% reactive Treponema pallidum enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests. In a subset of EIA+/VDRL-/TP-PA+ cases, 48% were previously treated.

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Although oxidative stress has been shown to induce senescence and replication stress independently, no study has implicated unresolved replication stress as the driver for cellular senescence in response to oxidative stress. Using cells exposed to increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, we show that sub-lethal amount of exogenous hydrogen peroxide induces two waves of DNA damage. The first wave is rapid and transient while the second wave coincides with the cells transition from the S to the G2/M phases of cell cycle.

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Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention method, but many primary care physicians (PCPs) have not incorporated PrEP into practice. While PrEP may be a key strategy to reducing high HIV transmission rates in the southern US, knowledge about PrEP prescribing patterns among PCPs in this region is lacking. An online survey was sent to a large network of PCPs at an academic medical center in North Carolina in October 2015.

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If animals are independently detected during surveys, many methods exist for estimating animal abundance despite detection probabilities <1. Common estimators include double-observer models, distance sampling models and combined double-observer and distance sampling models (known as mark-recapture-distance-sampling models; MRDS). When animals reside in groups, however, the assumption of independent detection is violated.

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Objective: Current experimental models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) do not accurately reproduce the major features of human AAA. We hypothesized that blockade of TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β) activity-a guardian of vascular integrity and immune homeostasis-would impair vascular healing in models of nondissecting AAA and would lead to sustained aneurysmal growth until rupture.

Approach And Results: Here, we test this hypothesis in the elastase-induced AAA model in mice.

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Patients admitted with pneumonia are at higher risk for HIV and should be routinely screened. We examined a retrospective cohort of patients admitted to Duke University Health System with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia. During the study period, 6,951 persons were admitted with pneumonia.

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Article Synopsis
  • The article discusses the emerging field of child and adolescent mental health epidemiology in Quebec and summarizes key research findings on mental disorders like anxiety and depression in young people.
  • It aims to present a review of major studies regarding the prevalence of these disorders, their measurement, and associated individual, family, and socio-economic factors.
  • Lastly, the article emphasizes the implications of these findings for public health policies in Quebec, suggesting how they can inform future strategies for addressing mental health issues among children and adolescents.
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Mutations in the human NBEAL2 gene cause gray platelet syndrome (GPS), a bleeding diathesis characterized by a lack of α granules in platelets. The functions of the NBEAL2 protein have not been explored outside platelet biology, but there are reports of increased frequency of infection and abnormal neutrophil morphology in patients with GPS. We therefore investigated the role of NBEAL2 in immunity by analyzing the phenotype of Nbeal2-deficient mice.

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Background: Despite the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continue to develop late-stage complications including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), disseminated complex (DMAC), and death.

Methods: We performed an observational retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected adults who developed DMAC in the Duke University Health System from 1992 to 2015 to determine the incidence, long-term outcomes, and healthcare utilization of this population at high risk for poor outcomes. Findings were stratified by the "pre-cART" era (before January 1, 1996) and "post-cART" thereafter.

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Background & Aims: Recent studies suggest that heparins reduce liver fibrosis and the risk of decompensation of liver disease. Here, we evaluated the effects of enoxaparin in several experimental models of advanced cirrhosis.

Methods: Cirrhosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by: (i) Oral gavage with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), (ii) Bile duct ligation (BDL) and (iii) CCl4 inhalation (CCl4 ).

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Background: Electronic medical record (EMR) computed algorithms allow investigators to screen thousands of patient records to identify specific disease cases. No computed algorithms have been developed to detect all cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using administrative, laboratory, and clinical documentation data outside of the Veterans Health Administration. We developed novel EMR-based algorithms for HIV detection and validated them in a cohort of subjects in the Duke University Health System (DUHS).

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Rationale: Necrotic core formation during the development of atherosclerosis is associated with a chronic inflammatory response and promotes accelerated plaque development and instability. However, the molecular links between necrosis and the development of atherosclerosis are not completely understood. Clec9a (C-type lectin receptor) or DNGR-1 (dendritic cell NK lectin group receptor-1) is preferentially expressed by the CD8α subset of dendritic cells (CD8α DCs) and is involved in sensing necrotic cells.

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Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are a prominent source of type II cytokines and are found constitutively at mucosal surfaces and in visceral adipose tissue. Despite their role in limiting obesity, how ILC2s respond to high fat feeding is poorly understood, and their direct influence on the development of atherosclerosis has not been explored. Here, we show that ILC2 are present in para-aortic adipose tissue and lymph nodes and display an inflammatory-like phenotype atypical of adipose resident ILC2.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease associated with high morbidity, and high mortality in the event of aortic rupture. Major advances in open surgical and endovascular repair of AAA have been achieved during the past 2 decades. However, drug-based therapies are still lacking, highlighting a real need for better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in AAA formation and progression.

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Objective:: Measuring parental neglect is challenging on many levels and few tools exist that are able to document it with parents. This study aims to document the psychometric properties in the French version of the population-based Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale, short version.

Method:: This study uses data from a telephone survey conducted with a representative sample of 3584 mothers and 1202 fathers of children aged between 6 months and 4 years old, 5 and 9 years old, and 10 and 15 years old.

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Purpose Of Review: This paper reviews the history and structure of Medicare reimbursement with a focus on aspects relevant to the field of orthopedic surgery. Namely, this includes Parts A and B, with particular attention paid to the origins of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) and the physician fee schedule, respectively. We then review newer policies affecting orthopedic surgeons.

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The antiviral restriction factor IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits cell entry of a number of viruses, and genetic diversity within IFITM3 determines susceptibility to viral disease in humans. Here, we used the murine CMV (MCMV) model of infection to determine that IFITM3 limits herpesvirus-associated pathogenesis without directly preventing virus replication. Instead, IFITM3 promoted antiviral cellular immunity through the restriction of virus-induced lymphopenia, apoptosis-independent NK cell death, and loss of T cells.

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This study documents lifetime experiences of victimizations, polyvictimization, and trauma symptoms among 1,400 adolescents from the province of Québec. The vast majority (81%) of adolescents were victimized during their lifetime, with most victims (82%) being the target of more than one form of victimization. Polyvictimization accounted for most variability in scores of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anger/ aggression compared to individual victimization categories.

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Although the scope of violence against children has been well documented, the reality of this phenomenon remains to be examined. Using data collected during a populationbased survey on the polyvictimization of children between 2 and 11 years old, this study explores the profiles of 972 children who are victims of many forms of violence (in family, school, and/or community). Cluster analyses identified 4 groups (minimal victimization, generalized victimization, threatening environment, aggressive environment), which differ according to the forms and extent of the violence experienced.

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Background: Chromophore-containing molecules feature extensively in surgical practice, with synthetic dyes gaining popularity over endogenous optical adjuncts. New applications for chromophores in diagnostics and operative treatment exploit unique chemical structures suited for illuminating target tissues beyond the visual spectrum, ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). This review outlines the rationale for surgical chromophore application, the weaknesses and risks in each class of these compounds, and areas of foreseeable potential for employment of specialized contrast agents.

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The analysis of spatial relations between objects in digital images plays a crucial role in various application domains related to pattern recognition and computer vision. Classical models for the evaluation of such relations are usually sufficient for the handling of simple objects, but can lead to ambiguous results in more complex situations. In this article, we investigate the modeling of spatial configurations where the objects can be imbricated in each other.

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