Revisiting toxins with transcriptomics-informed proteomics of venom glands and crude venom from Centruroides bicolor from Panama.

The sting of the scorpion Centruroides bicolor causes a large morbidity in Panama. To characterize its venom, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the venom glands and the crude venom were performed. These two approaches utilized high-throughput sequencing to enhance the likelihood of detecting a wide range of venom proteins correlated with the venom proteome.

Diastereoselective Hydrodifluoromethylation of Alkenyl -Heterocycles via Photocatalytic Radical-Polar Crossover.

A diastereoselective hydrodifluoromethylation of -heteroaryl alkenes was successfully established. This method was applicable to an array of -heteroaryl substrates with both cyclic and acyclic alkenes while displaying tolerance to a variety of functional groups. The conditions were also expanded to obtain hydrotrifluoromethylated products with similar results.

Field dataset of the depth to water from diverse wetland types in relation to habitat and soil.

Wetlands perform important functions and provide essential ecological services, including flood attenuation, groundwater recharge and discharge, and water purification. Human activities such as urban and rural development, drainage, and land alteration can cause major disturbances, often resulting in the drying up of wetlands. Therefore, many restoration projects aim to restore wetland hydrology.

A consensus recombinant elapid long-chain α-neurotoxin and how protein folding matters for antibody recognition and neutralization of elapid venoms.

Antivenoms are essential in the treatment of the neurotoxicity caused by elapid snakebites. However, there are elapid neurotoxins, e.g.

Antimicrobial, toxicological, and antigenic characteristics of three scorpion venoms from Colombia: Centruroides margaritatus, Tityus pachyurus and Tityus n. sp. aff. metuendus.

The venom fractions of three buthid scorpion species from Colombia, C. margaritatus, T. pachyurus and T.

Heterologous Expression of an Insecticidal Peptide Obtained from the Transcriptome of the Colombian Spider .

Spider venoms are composed, among other substances, of peptide toxins whose selectivity for certain physiological targets has made them powerful tools for applications such as bioinsecticides, analgesics, antiarrhythmics, antibacterials, antifungals and antimalarials, among others. Bioinsecticides are an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional agrochemicals. In this paper, the primary structure of an insecticidal peptide was obtained from the venom gland transcriptome of the ctenid spider (Transcript ID PhdNtxNav24).

Identification and Venom Characterization of Two Scorpions from the State of Chihuahua Mexico: and .

Chihuahua is the largest state in Mexico. The ecosystem of this region is composed of large area of bushes, forests, and grasslands, which allows for a specific diversity of fauna; among them are interesting species of non-lethal scorpions. Most of the Chihuahuan scorpions have been previously morphologically and molecularly described; however, this manuscript could be the first to describe the composition of those venoms.

Equine Assessment Procedures in Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship Unmounted Programs.

Highlights: Survey data collected from equine-assisted services programs that offer unmounted (ground) programs document the need for standardized equine safety evaluations. 36.7% of respondents used an objectively defined method (i.

Recombinant expression and antigenicity of two peptide families of neurotoxins from sp.

Background: Scorpion neurotoxins such as those that modify the mammalian voltage-gated sodium ion channels (Nav) are the main responsible for scorpion envenomation. Their neutralization is crucial in the production of antivenoms against scorpion stings.

Methods: In the present study, two designed genes - one that codes for a native neurotoxin from the venom of the Anatolian scorpion named Acra 4 - and another non-native toxin - named consensus scorpion toxin (SccTx) obtained from the alignment of the primary structures of the most toxic neurotoxins from the Middle Eastern and North African scorpions - were recombinantly expressed in Origami.

Therapeutic Reference Range for Aripiprazole in Schizophrenia Revised: a Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

Rationale: While one of the basic axioms of pharmacology postulates that there is a relationship between the concentration and effects of a drug, the value of measuring blood levels is questioned by many clinicians. This is due to the often-missing validation of therapeutic reference ranges.

Objectives: Here, we present a prototypical meta-analysis of the relationships between blood levels of aripiprazole, its target engagement in the human brain, and clinical effects and side effects in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.

Crotoxin B: Heterologous Expression, Protein Folding, Immunogenic Properties, and Irregular Presence in Crotalid Venoms.

Crotoxin complex CA/CB and crotamine are the main toxins associated with envenomation besides the enzymatic activities of phospholipases (PLA) and proteases. The neutralization at least of the crotoxin complex by neutralizing the subunit B could be a key in the production process of antivenoms against crotalids. Therefore, in this work, a Crotoxin B was recombinantly expressed to evaluate its capacity as an immunogen and its ability to produce neutralizing antibodies against crotalid venoms.

Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effects of Selected Chemokine and Antimicrobial Peptide on Cytokine Profile during Typhimurium Infection in Mouse.

The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capacities of the peptide Css54 and the chemokine MCP-1 were tested. The first, a peptide isolated from the venom of the scorpion was synthesized chemically. In contrast, the second is a monocyte chemoattractant expressed as a recombinant protein in our lab.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Venom Gland and Enzymatic Characterization of the Venom of (Ctenidae) from Colombia.

The transcriptome of the venom glands of the spider was analyzed using RNA-seq with an Illumina protocol, which yielded 86,424 assembled transcripts. A total of 682 transcripts were identified as potentially coding for venom components. Most of the transcripts found were neurotoxins (156) that commonly act on sodium and calcium channels.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a naturalistic study.

The selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine is potentially among the first-line pharmacotherapy options for ADHD. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) with the quantification and interpretation of atomoxetine serum concentrations is used to determine an individual dose followed by an optimal effectiveness and minimal side effects. The aim of this retrospective pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis was to derive age-appropriate recommendations for the implementation of TDM to improve the efficacy and tolerability of atomoxetine in children and adolescents.

Heterologous expression of four recombinant toxins from Panamanian scorpions of the genus and for production of antivenom.

Background: The development of more effective antivenoms remains a necessity for countries where scorpionism is a public health problem. Also, the regionalization of antivenoms may be important for some countries with special scorpionism characteristics.

Objective: Production of antibodies capable of neutralizing the lethal effect of the venom of three scorpion species from Panama.

A pragmatic trial testing a tailored non pharmacologic therapies on nocturnal behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia.

We compared the efficacy of tailored non pharmacological therapies (NPT) on specific nocturnal behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This retrospective 1-year study included 84 older dependent patients institutionalized in 7 long-term care home. Dedicated assistants, who were taught by experts how to use NPT, were asked to record the occurrence of each BPSD episode, to choose a given NPT on the basis of their knowledge of the patient and the type of BPSD and to estimate its efficacy.

Individual Behavioral Reactions in the Context of Food Sensitivities in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder before and after an Oligoantigenic Diet.

The influence of food intake on behavior problems of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was already described in the early 20th century. Eliminating food components by using the Oligoantigenic Diet (OD) leads to reduction of ADHD symptoms for more than two-thirds of patients. The aim of our study was to reveal how to identify foods having an impact on ADHD symptomatology.

Cranial Cruciate Ligament Desmotomies in Sheep Resulting in Peroneus Tertius Injury.

Surgical destabilization of the stifle joint via cranial cruciate ligament desmotomy (CCLD) is a routine procedure for the study of osteoarthritis (OA). Traditionally performed in rats, rabbits, cats, and dogs, CCLD in sheep provides an opportunity to study the pathology and treatment of joint instability in a species whose stifle better represents the equivalent human femorotibial joint. The surgical approaches for CCLD in sheep are variable and can result in inconsistent outcomes.

A Novel Insecticidal Spider Peptide that Affects the Mammalian Voltage-Gated Ion Channel hKv1.5.

Spider venoms include various peptide toxins that modify the ion currents, mainly of excitable insect cells. Consequently, scientific research on spider venoms has revealed a broad range of peptide toxins with different pharmacological properties, even for mammal species. In this work, thirty animal venoms were screened against hK1.