[A Rare Cause of Perinatal Postrenal Failure with Megalourethra].

We present a case of a premature infant with a presumed obstructive uropathy found to be a megalourethra leading to a perinatal postrenal failure. A megalourethra - an uncommon cause of urethral dilatation - is a congenital, non-obstructive anomaly of the penile erectile tissue. We think that a distal stenosis resulted in dysplasia of the penile tissue and an aspect of a megalourethra.

Off-label-use of sulfur-hexafluoride in voiding urosonography for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children: A survey on adverse events.

Aim: To evaluate the risk profile of sulfur hexafluoride in voiding urosonography (VUS) based on a large cohort of children.

Methods: Since 2011 sulfur hexafluoride (SH, SonoVue, Bracco, Italy) is the only ultrasound contrast available in the European Union and its use in children has not been approved. Within a 4-year-period, 531 children with suspected or proven vesicoureteral reflux (f/m = 478/53; mean age 4.

Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia in Juvenile Thyroid Carcinoma With Lung Metastases.

Purpose: Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) has been reported in patients with juvenile thyroid cancer treated with radioiodine for lung metastases. This retrospective study tested the hypothesis that EIAH is due to ventilation-perfusion-mismatch in this rare pulmonary condition.

Method: 50 patients (age 13-23 years) treated for juvenile thyroid carcinoma and lung metastasis with I and 24 controls with thyroid cancer but without lung metastases and prior I-treatment were assessed in a state of acute hypothyroidism by com-puted tomography of the lungs, pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise test with measurements of gas exchange, oxygen saturation, alveolar-arterial difference in pO (p(A-a)O) and pCO (p(ET-a)CO).

Prospective Biomarker Screening for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in High-Risk Pediatric Patients.

Combined biomarker screening is increasingly used to diagnose invasive aspergillosis (IA) in high-risk patients. In adults, the combination of galactomannan (GM) and fungal DNA detection has proven to be beneficial in the diagnosis of IA. Data in purely pediatric cohorts are scarce.

Self-gated Non-Contrast-enhanced Functional Lung MR Imaging for Quantitative Ventilation Assessment in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Purpose To assess the clinical feasibility of self-gated non-contrast-enhanced functional lung (SENCEFUL) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for quantitative ventilation (QV) imaging in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Materials and Methods Twenty patients with CF and 20 matched healthy volunteers underwent functional 1.5-T lung MR imaging with the SENCEFUL imaging approach, in which a two-dimensional fast low-angle shot sequence is used with quasi-random sampling.

Diagnostic features of prematurely fused cranial sutures on plain skull X-rays.

Purpose: The characteristic features of prematurely fused craniosynostosis in plain radiographs have already been described in literature, but there is no clinical trial investigating the individual features of every single form of craniosynostosis. We described suture-specific characteristics as well as its frequency of appearance in plain radiographs in every different form of craniosynostosis. Intraoperative findings served as control to confirm the diagnosis.

Co-Occurence of Reciprocal Translocation and COL2A1 Mutation in a Fetus with Severe Skeletal Dysplasia: Implications for Genetic Counseling.

Achondrogenesis type II is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwarfism. Here, we report on the postmortem identification of a de novo heterozygous mutation in the COL2A1 gene (c.1529G>A, p.

Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography phantom study: intravenous iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents may cause false-negative results in assessment of vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Background: Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ce-VUS) is commonly requested simultaneously to other diagnostic imaging necessitating intravenous contrast agents. To date there is limited knowldedge about intravesical interactions between different types of contrast agents.

Objective: To assess the effect of excreted intravenous iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents on the intravesical distribution of ultrasound contrast within contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography.

Thrombosis as a complication of central venous access in pediatric patients with malignancies: a 5-year single-center experience.

Background: Reliable central venous access (CVC) is essential for hematology-oncology patients since frequent puncture of peripheral veins-e.g., for chemotherapy, antibiotic administration, repeated blood sampling, and monitoring-can cause unacceptable pain and psychological trauma, as well as severe side effects in cases of extravasation of chemotherapy drugs.

SElf-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced FUnctional Lung imaging (SENCEFUL) using a quasi-random fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence and proton MRI.

Obtaining functional information on the human lung is of tremendous interest in the characterization of lung defects and pathologies. However, pulmonary ventilation and perfusion maps usually require contrast agents and the application of electrocardiogram (ECG) triggering and breath holds to generate datasets free of motion artifacts. This work demonstrates the possibility of obtaining highly resolved perfusion-weighted and ventilation-weighted images of the human lung using proton MRI and the SElf-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced FUnctional Lung imaging (SENCEFUL) technique.

Small-bowel MRI in children and young adults with Crohn disease: retrospective head-to-head comparison of contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI.

Background: Small-bowel MRI based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences has been challenged by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for detection of inflammatory bowel lesions and complications in patients with Crohn disease.

Objective: To evaluate free-breathing DWI, as compared to contrast-enhanced MRI, in children, adolescents and young adults with Crohn disease.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 33 children and young adults with Crohn disease ages 17 ± 3 years (mean ± standard deviation) and 27 matched controls who underwent small-bowel MRI with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences and DWI at 1.

Acute Muscle Trauma due to Overexercise in an Otherwise Healthy Patient with Cystic Fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common inherited diseases and is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Although the pulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease remain in the focus of treatment, recent studies have shown expression of the CFTR gene product in skeletal muscle cells and observed altered intramuscular Ca(2+) release dynamics in CFTR-deficient animal models. Physical exercise is beneficial for maintaining fitness and well-being in CF patients and constitutes one aspect of modern multimodal treatment, which has considerably increased life span and reduced morbidity.

Popliteal cysts in paediatric patients: clinical characteristics and imaging features on ultrasound and MRI.

Popliteal cysts, or Baker cysts, are considered rare in children and may exhibit particular features, as compared with adults. We studied data from 80 paediatric patients with 55 Baker cysts, examined over a period of 7 years, and correlated clinical presentation with findings on ultrasonography and MRI. Prevalence of popliteal cysts was 57% in arthritic knees, 58% with hypermobility syndrome, and 28% without risk factors.