Assessing unknown potential-quality and limitations of different large language models in the field of otorhinolaryngology.

Background: Large Language Models (LLMs) might offer a solution for the lack of trained health personnel, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. However, their strengths and weaknesses remain unclear.

Aims/objectives: Here we benchmark different LLMs (Bard 2023.

Polyvalent immunoglobulins with vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in the treatment of Sjogren's syndrome in a vegetarian with stomatitis, glossodynia, xerostomia, and elevated antinuclear antibodies: Case report .

Background: Sjogren's syndrome, involving sicca symptoms with xerostomia, stomatitis, and considerable pain is a difficult-to-treat autoimmune disease where the treatment options are limited and, as in the case of methotrexate, have a low therapeutic index.

Case Report: This case report concerns a male patient, aged 75 years and vegetarian, with Sjogren's syndrome subsequently confirmed by salivary gland biopsy. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were elevated (1 : 320).

Small molecules in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs: Light at the end of the tunnel?

Recent studies have shown BI2536 and bortezomib to be effective in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines. In this systemic in vitro study, we examined the antitumor effect of the small molecules BI2536 and bortezomib in combination with cisplatin or docetaxel in nine squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, most of head and neck origin. Dose escalation studies were performed with these cell lines using bortezomib, BI2536, cisplatin and docetaxel in cell line-specific concentrations.

Autoreactive antibodies and loss of retinal ganglion cells in rats induced by immunization with ocular antigens.

Purpose: In an experimental autoimmune animal model, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss was induced through immunization with glaucoma-related antigens. The target of this study was to investigate the pathomechanism behind this decline and the serum antibody reactivity against ocular and neuronal tissues after immunization with glaucoma- and non-glaucoma-associated antigens.

Methods: Rats immunized with optic nerve antigen homogenate (ONA) or keratin (KER) were compared to control rats (CO).

Ophthalmopathology in rats with MBP-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Purpose: Multiple studies indicate that T-cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, but recently an involvement of antibodies has also been discussed. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunization on survival of neurons, alteration of antibody reactivity, and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layer.

Methods: EAE was induced in rats by immunization with MBP.