Health-equity issues related to childhood obesity: a scoping review.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to determine the health-equity issues that relate to childhood obesity.

Methods: Health-equity issues related to childhood obesity were identified by analyzing food environment, natural and built environment, and social environment. The authors searched Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science, using the keywords "children" and "obesity.

Trends in dental caries in children and adolescents according to poverty status in the United States from 1999 through 2004 and from 2011 through 2014.

Background: Except for a small increase in caries prevalence in young children from 1999 through 2004, the prevalence of pediatric caries in the United States has remained consistent for the past 3 decades.

Methods: The authors used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (from 1999 through 2004 and from 2011 through 2014) to ascertain changes in caries prevalence in youth aged 2 to 19 years. The authors evaluated changes in the prevalence of caries experience, untreated caries, and severe caries (3 or more teeth with untreated caries) in the primary, mixed, and permanent dentition according to poverty status.

Listening to paediatric primary care nurses: a qualitative study of the potential for interprofessional oral health practice in six federally qualified health centres in Massachusetts and Maryland.

Objectives: To explore the opportunities for interprofessional collaboration (IPC) to improve paediatric oral health in federally qualified health centres (FQHCs), to identify challenges to IPC-led integration of oral health prevention into the well-child visit and to suggest strategies to overcome barriers.

Sample: Nurse managers (NMs), nurse practitioners (NPs), paediatric clinical staff and administrators in six FQHCs in two states were interviewed using a semistructured format.

Design: Grounded theory research.

Oral health status of children in Los Angeles County and in the United States, 1999-2004.

Objective: To ascertain and compare the oral health status and related sociodemographic risk indicators in children in Los Angeles (LA) County with children in the United States.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 were used to calculate prevalence estimates for children aged 2-13 years living in LA County and in the United States. Sociodemographic indicators were evaluated using multiple logistic regression modeling.

Integration of Oral Health Into the Well-Child Visit at Federally Qualified Health Centers: Study of 6 Clinics, August 2014-March 2015.

Introduction: Early childhood caries, the most common chronic childhood disease, affects primary dentition and can impair eating, sleeping, and school performance. The disease is most prevalent among vulnerable populations with limited access to pediatric dental services. These same children generally receive well-child care at federally qualified health centers.

Early childhood caries and intake of 100 percent fruit juice: Data from NHANES, 1999-2004.

Background: The results of several studies conducted in the United States show no association between intake of 100 percent fruit juice and early childhood caries (ECC). The authors examined this association according to poverty and race/ethnicity among U.S.

Dental procedures among children age birth to 20, United States, 1999 and 2009.

Objective: To describe dental procedures received by US children and adolescents by poverty status and dental insurance coverage.

Methods: Data for this analysis came from the 1999 and 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. The primary outcome variable represented the types of dental procedures that were received during dental visits in the preceding year.

Dental service mix among older adults aged 65 and over, United States, 1999 and 2009.

Objectives: The oral health of older Americans will assume increasing importance because of their increasing numbers and the evolving connections between oral health and general health. To establish a baseline and provide data for oral health workforce models, this report describes the types of dental procedures received by US adults 65 years and older in 2009 and looks at trends since 1999.

Methods: Data for this analysis came from the 1999 and 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Dental service mix among working-age adults in the United States, 1999 and 2009.

Objective: In the United States, health-care costs are increasing while state and federal budgets contract. In order to establish a baseline and provide data for alternative oral health workforce models, this report describes the types of dental procedures received by US working-age adults in 2009 and looks at trends since 1999.

Methods: Data for this analysis came from the 1999 and 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys.

Oral health trends in Maryland.

Objectives: This paper describes the trends in oral health in Maryland over the past decade.

Methods: Data were compiled from several surveillance systems and then summarized to assess the trends in oral health in Maryland over the past ten years.

Results: The percentage of Maryland children with dental sealants increased from 33.

Assessing the relationship between children's oral health status and that of their mothers.

Background: The authors conducted a study to describe the relationship between the oral health of young children and that of their mothers.

Methods: Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and a related birth certificate-linked file, the authors compiled a sample of 1,184 mother/child pairs for children aged 2 through 6 years. The authors performed logistic and cumulative logistic regression analyses by using children's caries experience and untreated caries status as dependent variables.

Trends in paediatric dental caries by poverty status in the United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004.

Background: Recent reports have suggested that dental caries among some young children is increasing in the United States.

Aim: To describe changes in paediatric caries prevalence by poverty status in the United States.

Design: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for children aged 2-11 years for 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 were used.

How dental care can preserve and improve oral health.

Oral health is associated with overall health, and lack of access to dental care has consequences that go far beyond aesthetics. Most oral diseases are preventable and are relatively easy and inexpensive to address at early stages. However, multiple barriers make dental care unreachable for a sizable portion of the United States population, who consequently has higher incidence and prevalence of disease.

Receipt of dental care, dental status and workforce in U.S. nursing homes: 1997 National Nursing Home Survey.

The goal of this paper was to report the prevalence of dental care--a Healthy People 2010 objective--for nursing home residents 65 years and older, and to assess the association between receipt of dental care with other oral status and workforce measures. Data from 7,363 residents aged 65 years and older with information in the 1997 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS) were used. Overall, 18.

Experience and policy implications of children presenting with dental emergencies to US pediatric dentistry training programs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and substantiate the experience of children, their families, and their caregivers with children's dental pain and to explore implications of these experiences for public policy.

Methods: Data for 301 children presenting to 35 pediatric dentistry training programs during a 1-week period in 2000 for pain relief were collected with a questionnaire asking for: (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) oral health status; (3) dental care history; (4) presenting problem; (5) clinical findings; and (6) clinical disposition. Descriptive statistics are presented.

Disparities in early childhood caries.

Despite remarkable reduction in the prevalence of dental caries in the United States, dental caries is still a highly prevalent disease among children who are socially disadvantaged (racial/ethnic minority, poor, rural, immigrants). Consequently, caries sequelae such as dental pain, need for dental treatment under general anesthesia, and future orthodontic treatment, are also concentrated among the most socially disadvantaged children. To make the situation more appalling, those children who need treatment the most are the ones least likely to visit the dentist.

Dental pain in Maryland school children.

Objective: To describe the lifetime prevalence of dental pain among Maryland's school age children.

Methods: Data come from the Survey of Oral Health Status of Maryland School Children conducted in 2000-01. History of dental pain, as reported by an adult respondent, was analyzed for 2,411 kindergarten and third grade students.

Comparison of children's medical and dental insurance coverage by sociodemographic characteristics, United States, 1995.

Background: Insurance coverage can reduce financial barriers that constitute a significant deterrent to obtaining medical and dental care, especially for children who reside in low-income households. We present baseline information on the codistribution of medical and dental coverage among US children according to sociodemographic characteristics before the enactment of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP).

Methods: Data for 27,059 children 0-17 years old from the 1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to examine the distribution of medical and dental insurance coverage by sociodemographic characteristics.

Oral health care utilization by US rural residents, National Health Interview Survey 1999.

Objective: To compare the dental care utilization practices of rural and urban residents in the United States.

Methods: Data on dental care utilization from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey for persons 2 years of age and older (n=42, 139) were analyzed by rural/urban status. Percentages and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated to produce national estimates for having had a visit in the past year, the number of visits, reasons given for last dental visit and for not visiting a dentist, unmet dental needs, and private dental insurance.

Oral health status of children and adolescents by rural residence, United States.

Context: The limited information available on the oral health status of rural children in the United States makes it difficult to devise policy strategies to address perceived problems.

Purpose: To document the oral health status and dental care utilization of US children by place of residence,

Methods: Data from National Health Interview Surveys for 1995, 1997, and 1998, and from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) were analyzed.

Findings: Children residing in rural areas were more likely to be uninsured for dental care than were children from urban areas (41.

Oral health status of older rural adults in the United States.

Background: Little is known about the oral health care of older rural residents. The authors describe oral health indicators for the older adult population by place of residence in the United States.

Methods: The authors analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 1995, 1997 and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys.

Current understanding of the epidemiology mechanisms, and prevention of dental caries in preschool children.

The seriousness and societal costs of dental caries in preschool children are enormous. National data shows that caries is highly prevalent in poor and near poor US preschool children, yet this disease is infrequently treated. The etiology includes elevated colonization levels of mutans streptococci, high frequency sugar consumption, and developmental defects on primary teeth.

Oral health status of rural adults in the United States.

Background: Many sociodemographic indicators of oral health disparity in the United States have been documented. Rural residence, however, has not been researched thoroughly, though it has been considered to be a potential indicator of disparity. The authors conducted this study to present information on the effects of rural residence on oral health in the United States.