Development and application of a 2-step methodology to select a reference society providing Dietary Reference Values for national implementation.

Objective: To describe and discuss a 2-step methodology developed to select a reference society that provides Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for national implementation and to illustrate its application in Switzerland with one macronutrient and one micronutrient.

Design: During Step 1, we searched and compared DRV and methodologies used to define DRV from eight European societies for seven selected nutrients. We repeated this procedure during Step 2 for DRV from two preselected societies for forty-four nutrients.

Determining energy and protein needs in critically ill pediatric patients: A scoping review.

Introduction: In critically ill pediatric patients, optimal energy and protein intakes are associated with a decreased risk of morbidity and mortality. However, the determination of energy and protein needs is complex. The objective of this scoping review was to understand the extent and type of evidence related to the methods used to determine energy and protein needs in critically ill pediatric patients.

Effectiveness of high vs lower enteral protein intake, considering energy intake, on clinical outcomes in critically ill children: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of high vs lower enteral protein intake, considering energy intake, on clinical and nutritional outcomes in critically ill children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Introduction: Over- and undernutrition increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. The impact of high vs lower enteral protein intake on clinical outcomes, considering energy intake, still needs to be investigated in children of different ages.

ESPNIC clinical practice guidelines: intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acute and critically ill children- a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) prescribing in acute and critically ill children is very variable among pediatric health care professionals. In order to provide up to date IV-MFT guidelines, the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) undertook a systematic review to answer the following five main questions about IV-MFT: (i) the indications for use (ii) the role of isotonic fluid (iii) the role of balanced solutions (iv) IV fluid composition (calcium, magnesium, potassium, glucose and micronutrients) and v) and the optimal amount of fluid.

Methods: A multidisciplinary expert group within ESPNIC conducted this systematic review using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading method.

Impact of Measures Aiming to Reduce Sugars Intake in the General Population and Their Implementation in Europe: A Scoping Review.

Implementing public health measures is necessary to decrease sugars intake, which is associated with increased risk of noncommunicable diseases. Our scoping review aimed to identify the types of measures implemented and evaluated to decrease sugars intake in the population and to assess their impact. Following a review of systematic reviews (SRs) published in 2018, we systematically searched new SR (May 2017-October 2020) in electronic databases.

[Diabetes simulation learning method for nutrition and dietetics students].

For many years, the Nutrition and Dietetics department of the Geneva School of Health Sciences has been applying a pedagogical method of simulating in the daily life of a diabetic person. For 4 days, students experience the daily life of a diabetic patient by adopting his treatment and applying the recommendations for a healthy lifestyle. According to a survey of 29 students, the most striking elements for them were: thinking about the disease all the time, eating without hunger and being confronted with the difficulties of the disease.

Practical strategies to implement the ESPNIC Nutrition Clinical recommendations into PICU practice.

Background: The European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) published 32 clinical recommendations around supporting nutrition in critically ill children following an extensive review of the literature online in January 2020. The challenge now is to engage with paediatric intensive care unit teams to implement these into their practice.

Objective: This practical implementation guide uses a recognised implementation model to guide pediatric intensive care professionals to implement these evidence-based clinical recommendations into clinical practice.

Physicians' perceptions about managing enteral nutrition and the implementation of tools to assist in nutritional decision-making in a paediatric intensive care unit.

Background: For critically ill children hospitalised in paediatric intensive care units, adequate nutrition reduces their risk of morbidity and mortality. Barriers may impede optimal nutritional support in this population. Moreover, physicians are usually responsible for prescribing nutrition, although they are not experts.

Nutritional support for children during critical illness: European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) metabolism, endocrine and nutrition section position statement and clinical recommendations.

Background: Nutritional support is considered essential for the outcome of paediatric critical illness. There is a lack of methodologically sound trials to provide evidence-based guidelines leading to diverse practices in PICUs worldwide. Acknowledging these limitations, we aimed to summarize the available literature and provide practical guidance for the paediatric critical care clinicians around important clinical questions many of which are not covered by previous guidelines.

[Programm 4F: tailored physical activity and nutrition for young patients with mental diseases].

Nowadays, new psychotropic treatments might result on rapid onset of weight gain also related to other factors such as individual vulnerability, poor diet and lack of exercise. Many studies have reported that weight gain is only the premise of a series of metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular complications. In this context, we have established since June 2017 in an ambulatory centre in Geneva, a 4F program (Fit, Fun, Feel and Food), to optimize the measures and strategies needed to prevent and reduce weight gain in these patients.

Nutritional management of young infants presenting with acute bronchiolitis in Belgium, France and Switzerland: survey of current practices and documentary search of national guidelines worldwide.

Feeding difficulties are common in young infants presenting with acute bronchiolitis, but limited data is available to guide clinicians adapting nutritional management. We aimed to assess paediatricians' nutritional practices among Western Europe French speaking countries. A survey was disseminated to describe advice given to parents for at home nutritional support, in hospital nutritional management, and preferred methods for enteral nutrition and for intravenous fluid management.

Estimation of Resting Energy Expenditure Using Predictive Equations in Critically Ill Children: Results of a Systematic Review.

Provision of adequate energy intake to critically ill children is associated with improved prognosis, but resting energy expenditure (REE) is rarely determined by indirect calorimetry (IC) due to practical constraints. Some studies have tested the validity of various predictive equations that are routinely used for this purpose, but no systematic evaluation has been made. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess predictive equations of REE in critically ill children.

Performance of Predictive Equations Specifically Developed to Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure in Ventilated Critically Ill Children.

Objective: To determine, based on indirect calorimetry measurements, the biases of predictive equations specifically developed recently for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) in ventilated critically ill children, or developed for healthy populations but used in critically ill children.

Study Design: A secondary analysis study was performed using our data on REE measured in a previous prospective study on protein and energy needs in pediatric intensive care unit. We included 75 ventilated critically ill children (median age, 21 months) in whom 407 indirect calorimetry measurements were performed.

A Nursing Survey on Nutritional Care Practices in French-Speaking Pediatric Intensive Care Units: NutriRéa-Ped 2014.

Objectives: Malnutrition in critically ill children contributes to morbidity and mortality. The French-speaking pediatric intensive care nutrition group (NutriSIP) aims to promote optimal nutrition through education and research.

Methods: The NutriSIP-designed NutriRéa-Ped study included a cross-sectional survey.