Successful Closure of an Idiopathic Macular Hole With Topical Therapy After Failed Surgery.

To describe the successful closure of an idiopathic macular hole (MH) with topical therapy after surgery failed. A case report was evaluated and prospective literature review performed. After surgery to correct an MH in a 57-year-old female patient failed, topical therapy was initiated.

Large inferior retinectomies for proliferative vitreoretinopathy in silicone oil-filled eyes.

Background: To describe the anatomical and functional outcomes and late complications in patients who developed inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in silicone oil-filled eyes and who required reoperation with large inferior retinectomy.

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective, interventional case series analysis. The study involved 18 individuals with tractional retinal re-detachment due to PVR development inferiorly in eyes who had undergone prior pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil as a tamponade.

Central retinal artery occlusion secondary to presumed traumatic carotid artery dissection in a healthy child.

Purpose: To describe a rare case of a 13 years-old healthy child that presented CRAO secondary to carotid artery dissection, which occurred after a neck rotation movement.

Methods: Case report with prospective literature review.

Patients: One patient described in the case report.

Enlightening new underpinnings in hydration retinal folds.

Purpose: To describe and value a peculiar alteration typically found in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment raising news foundations of its role in the photoreceptors and visual prognosis.

Design: Case description and rationale formulation.

Subjects: An isolated case.

Fingerprint sign in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a case series.

Background: The tomographic finding, which has been called the "fingerprint sign" in en face reconstructions, seems to be the result of a variety of processes that cause distension of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the Henle fiber layer (HFL). The aim of this paper is to describe the appearance of concentric rings at the OPL/HFL interface visualized using en face reconstructions of cross-sectional optical coherence tomography images of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of images of six eyes of three patients obtained by cross-sectional OCT imaging and en face reconstruction at the level of the OPL/HFL interface.

Pain Perception of Patients Undergoing Laser Panretinal Photocoagulation: Comparison of Single-Spot Versus Multispot Techniques.

Background And Objective: To compare pain intensity with single-spot versus multispot technique in laser panretinal photocoagulation, using a 532-nm, solid-state laser system.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, randomized, single-masked comparison trial. Patients received two types of intervention: conventional single-spot technique, with an exposure time of 150 ms, and multispot technique, done with an exposure time of 20 ms, Both techniques used power sufficient to produce visible gray-white burns, and spot size of 20 μm.

Pachychoroid disease spectrum: review article.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to do a comprehensive literature review about the current understandings of the pachychoroid disease spectrum, describing its multimodal imaging analysis, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and current types of management.

Methods: This comprehensive literature review was performed based on a search on the PubMed database, of relevant pachychoroid published papers according to our current knowledge.

Discussion: The pachychoroid disease spectrum, according to some authors, includes the following: pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (AT1), and more recently focal choroidal excavation (FCE) and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS).

Variants in HSD11B1 gene modulate susceptibility to diabetes kidney disease and to insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes.

Background And Aim: 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 has been implicated in insulin resistance (IR) in the setting of metabolic disorders, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its encoding gene (HSD11B1) have been associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), IR has been related to the development of chronic complications. We investigated the association of HSD11B1 SNPs with microvascular complications and with IR in a Brazilian cohort of T1D individuals.

Leukotriene Pathway Activation Associates with Poor Glycemic Control and with Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background And Aims: Since hyperglycemia promotes inflammation by different pathways and inflammation participates in the development of chronic diabetes complications, we investigated the association between the leukotriene (LT) pathway and microvascular diabetes complications.

Methods And Results: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify the expression of (encodes 5-lipoxygenase), (encodes one of the LTB4 receptors), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 164 type 1 diabetes (T1D) individuals presenting or not diabetes kidney disease, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN); 26 nondiabetic subjects were included as controls. LTB4 plasmatic concentrations were also evaluated.

Micro-RNAs 518d-3p and 618 Are Upregulated in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes With Multiple Microvascular Complications.

To compare the serum micro-RNAs (miRNAs) profile of individuals with type 1 diabetes without microvascular complications vs. those with multiple severe microvascular complications, in order to identify epigenetically modulated pathways in these two groups of individuals. A total of 10 subjects were selected among individuals followed in the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic and sorted according to the absence or presence of all microvascular complications.

EXPRESS: Parameters associated with outcome in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension subjected to combined vasodilator and surgical treatments.

Management of pediatric pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PHT-CHD) is challenging. Some patients have persistently elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) after cardiac surgery, an undesired condition that is difficult to predict. We investigated the value of clinical, hemodynamic, and histopathological data in predicting the outcome in a prospective cohort.

Dietary advanced glycated end-products and medicines influence the expression of SIRT1 and DDOST in peripheral mononuclear cells from long-term type 1 diabetes patients.

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify expression of two genes coding for advanced glycation end-product receptors [RAGE ( AGER) and AGER1 ( DDOST)] and of the gene coding the deacetylase SIRT1 ( SIRT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 1 diabetes patients without [Group A, n = 35; 28.5 (24-39) years old; median (interquartile interval)] or with at least one microvascular complication [Group B, n = 117; 34.5 (30-42) years old]; 31 healthy controls were also included.

Thioredoxin interacting protein expression in the urinary sediment associates with renal function decline in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), an inhibitor of antioxidant thioredoxin (Trx), is upregulated by hyperglycemia and implicated in pathogenesis of diabetes complications. We evaluated mRNA expressions of genes encoding TXNIP and Trx (TXN) in urinary sediment and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with different degrees of chronic complications.

Methods: qPCR was employed to quantify target genes in urinary sediment (n = 55) and PBMC (n = 161) from patients sorted by presence or absence of diabetic nephropathy (DN), retinopathy, peripheral and cardiovascular neuropathy; 26 healthy controls and 13 patients presenting non-diabetic nephropathy (focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, FSGS) were also included.

Effect of a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection on contrast sensitivity and macular thickness in eyes with macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion: a prospective, nonrandomized, three-month follow-up study.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection on contrast sensitivity (CS), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness (FT) and macular volume (MV) as measured by optical coherence tomography in patients with macular edema (ME) from central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: Sixteen consecutive eyes from 16 patients with ME from unilateral CRVO were treated with a single IVB injection. The CS, BCVA, FT and MV measurements were obtained before the treatment and 1 and 3 months after the injection.