The Composition of the HDL Particle and Its Capacity to Remove Cellular Cholesterol Are Associated with a Reduced Risk of Developing Active Inflammatory Rheumatoid Arthritis.

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the risk of cardiovascular death is 50% higher compared to the general population. This increased risk is partly due to the systemic inflammation characteristic of RA and changes in the lipoprotein profiles. This study investigated plasma lipid levels, lipid ratios, and the composition and functionality of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in control individuals and RA subjects based on the disease's inflammatory score (DAS28).

Cutoff Values of Aldosterone and the Aldosterone-Renin Ratio for Predicting Primary Aldosteronism in Patients with Resistant Hypertension: A Real-Life Study.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is commonly associated with resistant hypertension. Biochemical tests can be clinically useful in the screening and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. This study aimed to identify the cutoff values of aldosterone levels (A) and the aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) for an accurate prediction of PA in patients with apparent resistant hypertension in a real-life scenario.

Long-Term Follow-up of Patients With Autonomous Thyroid Nodules Treated With Radioiodine.

Purpose: This article aims to describe the presentation of Plummer disease and its evolution after radioiodine treatment and determine factors that may influence treatment efficacy.

Patients And Methods: The sample included retrospective medical records of 165 adult patients with toxic nodular goiter treated with radioiodine between 1997 and 2017, followed up at a single thyroid center.

Results: The efficacy of treatment with a single dose of radioiodine was higher than 90%.

RET 634 germline/gonadal mosaicism generating a second pathogenic amino acid change in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.

Genetic testing for germline RET pathogenic variants, which cause the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2) syndrome, has become crucial in managing patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Classically, RET heterozygous missense pathogenic variants are transmitted in a Mendelian autosomal dominant pattern, of which germline/gonadal mosaicism has never been reported. We report the novel occurrence of a MEN2A patient's family in which the siblings inherited three different RET 634 genotypes: wild type (p.

Exploring the Potential of Olfactory Receptor Circulating RNA Measurement for Preeclampsia Prediction and Its Linkage to Mild Gestational Hypothyroidism.

Gestational hypothyroidism may lead to preeclampsia development. However, this pathophysiological is unknown. We expect to find a shared mechanism by comparing hypothyroidism and preeclampsia.

Increased Expression of miR-223-3p and miR-375-3p and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in HDL of Newly Diagnosed Women in Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer.

The expression of inflammation-related miRs bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), the anti-inflammatory activity of HDLs isolated from individuals with breast cancer, and controls were determined. Forty newly diagnosed women with breast cancer naïve of treatment and 10 control participants were included. Cholesterol-loaded bone-marrow-derived macrophages were incubated with HDL from both groups and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules with diameters greater than 4 centimeters.

Objective: The risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules (TN) with diameters ≥ 3-4 cm remains controversial. However, some groups have indicated surgical treatment in these patients regardless of the FNAB results. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the FNAB in systematically resected ≥4 cm TN and if the risk of malignancy is higher in these patients.

Similar hypothyroid and sepsis circulating mRNA expression could be useful as a biomarker in nonthyroidal illness syndrome: a pilot study.

Objective: Based on hypothetical hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) gene expression similarities, we decided to compare the patterns of expression of both as models of NTIS. The concordant profile between them may enlighten new biomarkers for NTIS challenging scenarios.

Materials And Methods: We used Ion Proton System next-generation sequencing to build the hypothyroidism transcriptome.

Clinical decision support analysis of a microRNA-based thyroid molecular classifier: A real-world, prospective and multicentre validation study.

Background: The diagnosis of cancer in Bethesda III/IV thyroid nodules is challenging as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has limitations, and these cases usually require diagnostic surgery. As approximately 77% of these nodules are not malignant, a diagnostic test accurately identifying benign thyroid nodules can reduce "potentially unnecessary" surgery rates. We have previously reported the development and validation of a microRNA-based thyroid classifier (mir-THYpe) with high sensitivity and specificity, which could be performed directly from FNA smear slides.

The impact of the genetic background in a patient with papillary thyroid cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main subtype. The cribriform morular variant is a histological phenotype of PTC characterized by its relationship with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Description of the case: We report the genetic assessment of a 20-year-old female patient diagnosed with a cribriform-morular variant of PTC and FAP.

High CD39 expression is associated with the non-muscle-invasive phenotype of human bladder cancer.

Background: An accurate prediction of progression is critical to define the management of bladder cancer (BC). The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating purinergic signals via an extracellular balance between ATP and adenosine. The altered expression of these enzymes plays a potential role in tumor invasion and metastasis, therefore, has been proposed to be used for prognosis of solid tumor.

The Cholinergic Drug Galantamine Alleviates Oxidative Stress Alongside Anti-inflammatory and Cardio-Metabolic Effects in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized Trial.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an obesity-associated disorder of pandemic proportions and limited treatment options. Oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and altered neural autonomic regulation, are important components and drivers of pathogenesis. Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and a cholinergic drug that is clinically-approved (for Alzheimer's disease) has been implicated in neural cholinergic regulation of inflammation in several conditions characterized with immune and metabolic derangements.

Comprehensive Assessment of Copy Number Alterations Uncovers Recurrent and Copy Gain in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant tumor originating from thyroid C-cells that can occur either in sporadic (70-80%) or hereditary (20-30%) form. In this study we aimed to identify recurrent copy number alterations (CNA) that might be related to the pathogenesis or progression of MTC. We used Affymetrix SNP array 6.

The role of a new polyclonal competitive thyroglobulin assay in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with structural disease but low levels of serum thyroglobulin by immunometric and LC-MS/MS methods.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the role of an in-house competitive thyroglobulin assay (Tg-c) in the follow-up of metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients who presented underestimated Tg measurements by immunometric assays (Tg-IMA) and to compare the results with IMA and LC-MS/MS Tg methods.

Methods: This prospective study included 40 patients. Twenty-one with metastatic disease: 14 had Tg-IMA levels inappropriately low or undetectable (eight patients with positive and six with borderline TgAb) and seven had high Tg-IMA levels.

1-Methyl-D-tryptophan activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a pathway associated with bladder cancer progression.

Background: Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a promising target for immunotherapy in bladder cancer (BC). IDO1 breaks-down tryptophan to generate kynurenine derivatives, which may activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). AHR is an important target for carcinogens, but its association with BC progression was unknown.

Circulating RNA Transcriptome of Pregnant Women with TSH Just Above the Trimester-Specific Reference and its Correlation with the Hypertensive Phenotype.

During gestation, a woman's body undergoes physiological changes that alter thyroid function. Pregnant women with hypothyroidism may exhibit gestational complications, including hypertension and preeclampsia. We investigated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in circulating RNAs from pregnant women with TSH levels just above the normal range to determine the impact of a mild elevation of TSH in pregnancy.

Waist Circumference Percentiles and Cut-Off Values for Obesity in a Large Sample of Students from 6 To 10 Years Old Of The São Paulo State, Brazil.

Backgroud: The prevalence of obesity has systematically been increased in the population, including children and adolescents, around the world.

Objectives: To describe reference percentile curves for waist circumference (WC) in Brazilian children and provide cut-off values of WC to identify children at risk for obesity.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study was performed with children aged from 6 to 10 years old, enrolled in public and private elementary schools from 13 cities of the São Paulo State.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in the prognosis of the localized prostate cancer.

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is an enzyme that acts as an immunomodulatory molecule. It is found in several types of cancer where it seems to be associated with tumor escape due to its immunosuppressive mechanisms. However, the role of IDO1 expression in prostate cancer (PC) is unclear.

Proteinuria is Associated with Urinary Loss of Cubilin and Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Patients with Preeclampsia.

Women with preeclampsia (PE) form a vulnerable group for vitamin D3 deficiency. Reabsorption of vitamin D3 occurs in the proximal tubule after being endocytosed in combination with DBP (vitamin D binding protein) by the megalin/cubilin receptor. Because proteinuria promotes tubule injury and dysfunction, we hypothesized that the proteinuria present in PE could promote the loss of these components into the urine.

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction was not Associated with Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the ELSA-Brasil Study.

Background: The association of subclinical thyroid dysfunction (STD) with cardiac arrhythmias remains controversial, particularly in the non-elderly population.

Objective: To investigate whether STD was associated with cardiac arrhythmias in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Baseline data of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, ELSA-Brasil (35-74 years) were collected from 2008 to 2010.

Genotype and phenotype landscape of MEN2 in 554 medullary thyroid cancer patients: the BrasMEN study.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by RET gene germline mutations that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) associated with other endocrine tumors. Several reports have demonstrated that the RET mutation profile may vary according to the geographical area. In this study, we collected clinical and molecular data from 554 patients with surgically confirmed MTC from 176 families with MEN2 in 18 different Brazilian centers to compare the type and prevalence of RET mutations with those from other countries.

A pioneering RET genetic screening study in the State of Ceará, Brazil, evaluating patients with medullary thyroid cancer and at-risk relatives: experience with 247 individuals.

Objective: Initial diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is frequently associated with advanced stages and a poor prognosis. Thus, the need for earlier diagnoses and detection in relatives at risk for the disease has led to increased use of RET genetic screening.

Subjects And Methods: We performed RET screening in 247 subjects who were referred to the Brazilian Research Consortium for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (BRASMEN) Center in the State of Ceará.

Assessing the clinical and molecular diagnosis of inherited forms of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone from a single tertiary center.

Aim: Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), characterized by persistent hyperthyroxinemia with non-suppressed thyrotropin (TSH), is mostly caused by mutations in thyroid hormone receptor beta gene (THRB). Two differential diagnoses should be considered due to similar clinical and laboratory findings: TSH-producing pituitary adenoma (TPA) and Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia (FDH). The aim of this study is to describe our single tertiary center experience in the molecular diagnosis of RTH in Brazilian patients, analyzing their clinical and laboratory characteristics and the most common differential diagnosis.