Pulmonologists-level lung cancer detection based on standard blood test results and smoking status using an explainable machine learning approach.

Lung cancer (LC) remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality, largely due to late-stage diagnoses. Effective strategies for early detection are therefore of paramount importance. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has demonstrated considerable potential in healthcare by facilitating the detection of various diseases.

A Bayesian Network Approach to Lung Cancer Screening: Assessing the Impact of Data Quantity, Quality, and the Combination of Data from Danish Electronic Health Records.

: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality, making early diagnosis essential. While LC screening trials are underway globally, optimal prediction models and inclusion criteria are still lacking. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Bayesian Network (BN) models for LC risk prediction using a decade of data from Denmark.

Monitoring performance of clinical artificial intelligence in health care: a scoping review.

Objective: The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the diverse methods described, tested, or implemented for monitoring performance of clinical artificial intelligence (AI) systems, while also summarizing the arguments given for or against these methods.

Introduction: The integration of AI in clinical decision-making is steadily growing. Performances of AI systems evolve over time, necessitating ongoing performance monitoring.

Metabolic syndrome increases the length of stay and medical complications after hip and knee arthroplasty: results from a prospective cohort study of 2,901 patients.

Background And Purpose:  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects more than 60% of the patients having a hip or knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. As it is debated whether metabolic syndrome increases the risk of complications, we aimed to investigate the length of stay (LOS) and risk of readmission at 30 and 90 days after surgery, including causes of readmission.

Methods:  We conducted a prospective cohort study of 2,901 patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty from May 2017 to November 2019.

Metabolic syndrome and patient-reported outcome two years after hip and knee arthroplasty.

Aims: The influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the outcome after hip and knee arthroplasty is debated. We aimed to investigate the change in patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores after hip and knee arthroplasty, comparing patients with and without MetS.

Methods: From 1 May 2017 to 30 November 2019, a prospective cohort of 2,586 patients undergoing elective unilateral hip and knee arthroplasty was established in Denmark.

Machine learning in diagnostic support in medical emergency departments.

Diagnosing patients in the medical emergency department is complex and this is expected to increase in many countries due to an ageing population. In this study we investigate the feasibility of training machine learning algorithms to assist physicians handling the complex situation in the medical emergency departments. This is expected to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient logistics and outcome.

Lung cancer among outpatients with COPD: a 7-year cohort study.

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its prognosis upon metastasis remains poor. Patients with COPD face a significantly elevated LC risk, up to six times greater than those with normal lung function. We aimed to investigate LC prevalence and stage distribution among COPD outpatients.

Metabolic Syndrome and Morbid Obesity are Not Risk Factors for Revision Surgery in Patients Undergoing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the risk of revision after hip and knee arthroplasty is debated. The aim of our study was to investigate the risk of short-term (minimum 2.7 years) revision due to periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip and knee arthroplasty.

Diagnostic Performance of Plasma SP-D, KL-6, and CC16 in Acutely Hospitalised Patients Suspected of Having Community-Acquired Pneumonia-A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Community-acquired pneumonia is a common cause of acute hospitalisation. Identifying patients with community-acquired pneumonia among patients suspected of having the disease can be a challenge, which causes unnecessary antibiotic treatment. We investigated whether the circulatory pulmonary injury markers surfactant protein D (SP-D), Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), and Club cell protein 16 (CC16) could help identify patients with community-acquired pneumonia upon acute admission.

Identification of patients' smoking status using an explainable AI approach: a Danish electronic health records case study.

Background: Smoking is a critical risk factor responsible for over eight million annual deaths worldwide. It is essential to obtain information on smoking habits to advance research and implement preventive measures such as screening of high-risk individuals. In most countries, including Denmark, smoking habits are not systematically recorded and at best documented within unstructured free-text segments of electronic health records (EHRs).

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Procalcitonin, Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptors, and C-Reactive Protein in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department-A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a leading bacterial infection in the emergency department (ED). Diagnosing UTIs in the ED can be challenging due to the heterogeneous presentation; therefore, fast and precise tests are needed. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic precision of procalcitonin (PCT), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptors (suPARs), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in diagnosing UTIs, grading the severity of UTIs, and ruling out bacteremia.

Analytical Performance Specifications for Input Variables: Investigation of the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease.

Background: Artificial intelligence models constitute specific uses of analysis results and, therefore, necessitate evaluation of analytical performance specifications (APS) for this context specifically. The Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) is a clinical prediction model based on measurements of bilirubin, creatinine, and the international normalized ratio (INR). This study evaluates the propagation of error through the MELD, to inform choice of APS for the MELD input variables.

Establishing reference intervals for soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in Northern European adults.

Objectives: Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) may have untapped potential in clinical diagnostics. Previous studies determined reference intervals using an enzyme-linked immunoassay, but there is a need for reference intervals using a faster assay if the analysis is to be used in emergency medicine. The current study aims to determine reference intervals for suPAR using a fully automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline A28-A3c.

A collection of multiregistry data on patients at high risk of lung cancer-a Danish retrospective cohort study of nearly 40,000 patients.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer related deaths, and several countries are implementing screening programs. Risk models have been introduced to refine the LC screening criteria, but the use of real-world data for this task demands a robust data infrastructure and quality. In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to address the different relevant risk factors in terms of data sources, descriptive statistics, completeness and quality.

No Detectable Coagulation Activation After Vitamin K (MK-7) Supplementation in Patients on Dialysis With Functional Vitamin K Deficiency: A One-Year Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Objective: Patients on dialysis treatment have poor functional vitamin K status, and this may increase the risk of vascular calcification. Vitamin K supplementation may therefore be relevant in patients on dialysis, but the procoagulant effects have not been studied. We evaluated effects of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation on biomarkers of coagulation in patients on dialysis.

Rest reduces venous lactate levels significantly in patients in outpatient clinic.

Lactate is produced in the human body during physical activity and elimination takes time with a half-life of approximately 18 min. We, therefore, investigated the potential impact of resting time (RT) duration on lactate concentration in our outpatient venipuncture clinic for all lactate requests during a 4½-year period. All samples drawn for venous lactate analysis during a 4½-year period in our hospital outpatient venipuncture clinics were included in this study.

Establishing Sex-Dependent Reference Intervals for KL-6 in Danish Adults.

Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of interstitial lung disease. However, reference intervals in Northern Europeans remain to be established using a latex-particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. The participants were Danish blood donors subjected to strict health requirements.

Sensitivity and performance of three novel quantitative assays of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in blood.

To assess if SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) systemic disease can be determined by available nucleoprotein assays, we compared the performance of three commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N) assays in plasma. A total of 272 plasma samples collected in the period November-December 2021 were analyzed by the methods Simoa SARS CoV-2 N Protein Advantage Kit [Quanterix Simoa], Solsten SARS-CoV-2 Antigen enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [Solsten ELISA], and Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Antigen electrochemiluminescence immunoassay [Elecsys ECLIA]. Additionally, a dilution series of inactivated virus culture was analyzed by the three assays.

Adult patient diagnosed with NADSYN1 associated congenital NAD deficiency and analysis of NAD levels to be published in: European Journal of Medical Genetics.

Introduction: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cosubstrate/coenzyme in multiple cellular redox processes and a substrate in several non-redox reactions. NADSYN1 encodes NAD synthetase 1, an enzyme in the NAD de novo synthesis pathway and the Preiss-Handler pathway, and biallelic pathogenic variants causes NAD deficiency associated with vertebral, cardiac, renal and limb defects. Szot et al.

Hypophosphatasia as a plausible cause of vitamin B6 associated mouth pain: a case-report.

Background: Mouth pain has been associated with abnormal vitamin B6 levels. Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disease, which causes imbalances between B6 vitamers. We report the case of a patient with hypophosphatasia and burning mouth pain.

POCT urine dipstick versus central laboratory analyses: Diagnostic performance and logistics in the medical emergency department.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the logistics and diagnostic performances of dipstick analyses compared to their counterpart central laboratory analyses for detection of bacteriuria, proteinuria, hyperglycemia, ketosis and hematuria.

Design And Methods: Urine dipstick results, urine culture results, flow cytometric cell counts, U-albumin-to-creatinine ratio, P-glucose and P-beta-hydroxybutyrate were retrospectively reviewed in a cohort of consecutive patients admitted to the medical emergency departments of two Danish hospitals. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of traditional dipstick analysis were estimated and dipstick was compared to flow cytometry for detection of significant bacteriuria using logistic regression.

The Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor as a Biomarker for Survival and Early Treatment Effect in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

The soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is prognostic for overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Our study explored the association between baseline suPAR and OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic CRC (mCRC). It is also the first study to explore the association between the initial change in suPAR level and OS, PFS and the first CT response evaluation.