Renal artery pseudoaneurysm.

The renal artery pseudoaneurysm embody a rare vascular complication coming of percutaneous procedures, renal biopsy, nephrectomy, penetrating traumas and more rarely blunt traumas. The clinical can be vary according the patient, the haematuria is the symptom more commom. Is necessary a high level of clinical suspicion for your diagnosis, this can be elucidated by through complementary exams as the eco-color Doppler and the computed tomography scan (CT).

Stressors in the relatives of patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

Objective: To identify and stratify the main stressors for the relatives of patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit of a teaching hospital.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with relatives of patients admitted to an intensive care unit from April to October 2014. The following materials were used: a questionnaire containing identification information and demographic data of the relatives, clinical data of the patients, and 25 stressors adapted from the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale.

Analysis of FOXP3 gene and protein expressions in renal allograft biopsies and their association with graft outcomes.

Background: The transcription factor FOXP3 is increased in acute renal rejection, but its influence on graft outcomes is unclear. This study correlated FOXP3 with dendritic cells and graft outcomes.

Methods: We assessed 96 kidney transplants undergoing allograft biopsy for cause.

FOXP3+ regulatory T cells: from suppression of rejection to induction of renal allograft tolerance.

Naturally occurring and induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) can become hyporesponsive and anergic to antigen stimulation in autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. The mechanisms of suppression of effector T cells by Tregs remain unclear, but there are in vitro and in vivo evidences showing that these cells are able to suppress antigen-specific responses via direct cell-to-cell contact, secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10, and inhibit the generation of memory T cells, among others. The transcription factor FOXP3 is a specific marker of Tregs and its deficiency is associated with autoimmune diseases and inflammation.

[Atheroembolic renal disease: a cause of acute renal failure not much explored].

Atheroembolism is a multisytemic disease which affects many organs, including the kidneys, by the release of cholesterol emboli to tissues from an erosed atherosclerotic plaque, causing vascular obstruction in many tissues. The atheroembolic renal disease (AERD) is histologically represented by cholesterol crystals in renal arterioles with an inflammatory infiltrate around the vessels, and causes acute renal failure that may be severe and prolonged, weeks or even months after the embolic episode. The AERD carries a bad prognosis, with a high mortality.

Acute effect of simvastatin on inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study assessed the acute effect of simvastatin on inflammatory and OS markers in stage 3 and 4 CKD patients.

Methods: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study comprising 66 patients who were randomized to simvastatin (20 mg/day) or placebo for two 8-week periods.

Prevalence of 4977bp deletion in mitochondrial DNA from patients with chronic kidney disease receiving conservative treatment or hemodialysis in southern Brazil.

Background: Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of mtDNA 4977bp deletion in many different tissues can serve as a marker of this damage. However, no attempt has been made to detect the presence of mtDNA 4977bp in blood cells of patients with CKD.

[Chronic renal disease, inflammation and atherosclerosis: new concepts about an old problem].

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has reached epidemic proportions in the last few years, generating an emergent public health problem. Common risk factors for CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are now well known resulting in a high prevalence rate of cardiovascular events which are the main cause of death in CKD patients. Development of accelerated atherosclerosis is related to traditional risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dislipidemia and smoking, but recently other non traditional factors were found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality, including inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and uremia, even at early stages of CKD.

Systemic conditions, oral findings and dental management of chronic renal failure patients: general considerations and case report.

Chronic renal failure is a relatively common systemic disease. Systemic abnormalities such as anemia, platelet disorders and hypertension as well as oral manifestations including xerostomia, uremic stomatitis, periodontal disease and maxillary and mandibular radiographic alterations can be observed in individuals with chronic renal disease. In view of its frequent occurrence and the need of knowledge by dentists dealing with this condition, this paper discusses the most important issues regarding chronic renal failure, addressing its systemic and oral manifestations and the dental management of chronic renal patients.