Achieving maximal voluntary contraction of paraspinal muscles requires two tasks: Insight from an EMG study of females with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

An accurate estimation of maximal voluntary muscle activation is critical for normalisation in scientific studies. Only a handful of studies appropriately normalise muscle activation data when investigating paraspinal muscle activity in populations such as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This neglect compromises the ability to interpret data.

Segmental deformity markers offer novel indicators of deformity progression risk in deformity-matched adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Purpose: Identification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with mild curvatures who pose significant risk of progressing to severe levels of curvatures is of paramount importance for clinical care. This study aimed to compare segmental deformity changes in AIS sub-cohorts that are dichotomised by progression status.

Methods: Thirty-six female participants with Lenke 1 AIS curves were investigated with sequential MRIs during growth.

Comparison of physiological and behavioral nutrition-related factors in people with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, from cohort data at 8 to 20 years.

Nutrition-related variables including lower body mass index (BMI), lower bone mineral density (BMD), altered body composition and hormone levels have been reported in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aims of this study were to determine if physiological and behavioral nutrition-related factors differ between people with and without AIS, and to quantify their relationship with AIS, in unbiased cohort sample. BMI, presence of an eating disorder, leptin, adiponectin, BMD, vitamin D, lean mass, and fat mass were compared between those with and without AIS at ages 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 years, and multiple logistic regression was performed between these variables and AIS.

Assessing a GPS-Based 6-Minute Walk Test for People With Persistent Pain: Validation Study.

Background: The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a commonly used method to assess the exercise capacity of people with many health conditions, including persistent pain. However, it is conventionally performed with in-person supervision in a hospital or clinic, therefore requiring staff resources. It may also be difficult when in-person supervision is unavailable, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, or when the person is geographically remote.

Acceptability of a Pain History Assessment and Education Chatbot (Dolores) Across Age Groups in Populations With Chronic Pain: Development and Pilot Testing.

Background: The delivery of education on pain neuroscience and the evidence for different treatment approaches has become a key component of contemporary persistent pain management. Chatbots, or more formally conversation agents, are increasingly being used in health care settings due to their versatility in providing interactive and individualized approaches to both capture and deliver information. Research focused on the acceptability of diverse chatbot formats can assist in developing a better understanding of the educational needs of target populations.

Quantifying Typical Progression of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Longitudinal Three-Dimensional MRI Measures of Disk and Vertebral Deformities.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: Detail typical three-dimensional segmental deformities and their rates of change that occur within developing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) spines over multiple timepoints.

Summary Of Background Data: AIS is a potentially progressive deforming condition that occurs in three dimensions of the scoliotic spine during periods of growth.

Quantifying Muscle Size Asymmetry in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Study Design: This is a case-control study of prospectively collected data.

Objective: To quantify paraspinal muscle size asymmetry in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and determine if this asymmetry is (i) greater than observed in adolescent controls with symmetrical spines; and (ii) positively associated with skeletal maturity using Risser grade, scoliosis severity using the Cobb angle, and chronological age in years.

Summary Of Background Data: AIS is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine which occurs in 2.

Yarning about pain: Evaluating communication training for health professionals at persistent pain services in Queensland, Australia.

Background: Providing cultural education to health professionals is essential in improving the quality of care and outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients. This study reports the evaluation of a novel training workshop used as an intervention to improve communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients of persistent pain services.

Methods: In this single-arm intervention study, health professionals undertook a one-day workshop, which included cultural capability and communication skills training based on a clinical yarning framework.

Herbicides reduce the severity and sporulation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean with triple herbicide resistance.

Background: Transgenic event DAS44406-6 (E3) makes soybeans that are herbicide [glyphosate (Gly), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and glufosinate] and caterpillar resistant. The E3 soybean was commercially released for the 2021/2022 harvest in Brazil. We conducted this study to test whether Gly and 2,4-D applied alone and in a commercial mixture affect Asian soybean rust (ASR).

Advancing Use of DEXA Scans to Quantitatively and Qualitatively Evaluate Lateral Spinal Curves, for Preliminary Identification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is an emerging screening method for identifying likely adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Using DEXA in an unbiased population sample (the Raine Study), we aimed to report the inter-rater reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) for scoliosis curve angle measurement, identify likely AIS prevalence, and the concordance between reported AIS diagnosis and DEXA-identified likely AIS. Scoliosis curve angles were measured using the modified Ferguson method on DEXA scans (n = 1238) at age 20 years.

A Qualitative Assessment of the Experiences with Eye Health and Barriers to Eyeglasses among U.S. Youth.

Significance: Uncorrected refractive error is the main cause of visual impairment in U.S. youth and has profound impacts on individuals and society.

: Experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people managing pain in Queensland, Australia.

Background: Pain management requires a multidisciplinary approach and a collaborative relationship between patient-provider in which communication is crucial. This study examines the communication experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Hospital Liaison Officers (ATSIHLOs), to improve understanding of how pain is managed in and through patient-health professional communication.

Methods: This qualitative study involved a purposive sample of patients attending three persistent pain clinics and ATSIHLOs working in two hospitals in Queensland, Australia.

People at a persistent pain service can walk it, but some struggle to talk about it: Reliability, detectable difference and clinically important difference of the six-minute walk test.

Objectives: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a commonly used measure of functional capacity. This study is the first to investigate the test-retest reliability, minimal detectable difference (MDD) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for people attending a persistent pain service. Relationships between change in 6MWT performance and change in self-reported physical, functional and psychological outcome measures were also explored.

3D Ultrasound-Guided Photoacoustic Imaging to Monitor the Effects of Suboptimal Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Pancreatic Tumors.

Pancreatic cancer is a disease with an incredibly poor survival rate. As only about 20% of patients are eligible for surgical resection, neoadjuvant treatments that can relieve symptoms and shrink tumors for surgical resection become critical. Many forms of treatments rely on increased vulnerability of cancerous cells, but tumors or regions within the tumors that may be hypoxic could be drug resistant.

Is spinal neuromuscular function asymmetrical in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis compared to those without scoliosis?: A narrative review of surface EMG studies.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal deformity occurring between ages of 10-18 years. We aimed to present a reasoned synthesis of the published evidence for and against asymmetrical paraspinal muscle activation in AIS. PubMed and Embase databases were searched using terms: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis AND electromyogra* (EMG).

Clinician Perspectives of Communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Managing Pain: Needs and Preferences.

Poor communication is an important factor contributing to health disparity. This study sought to investigate clinicians' perspectives about communicating with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with pain. This multi-site and mixed-methods study involved clinicians from three pain management services in Queensland, Australia.

C-I86F Mutation in Is Stable and Can Be Related to Fitness Penalties.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) fungicides are used to control Asian soybean rust (), and the C-I86F mutation is related to pathogen resistance. The objective of this study was to determine whether fitness penalties are associated with SDHI resistance (C-I86F mutation) in populations. Moreover, the study investigated whether the C-I86F mutation remained stable after the fungus propagation both in the absence and presence of fungicide.

In a Pandemic That Limits Contact, Can Videoconferencing Enable Interdisciplinary Persistent Pain Services and What Are the Patient's Perspectives?

Objective: To explore patients' thoughts and satisfaction with using videoconferencing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to gather (1) patient feedback and satisfaction with videoconferencing across all health professions as well as divided into a subgroup for each profession, (2) patient preferences for either videoconference or face-to-face consultations during the pandemic lockdown, and (3) whether patients would consider using videoconferencing once face-to-face appointments were available.

Design: An observational cross-sectional, mixed methods study design.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 3D vertebral morphology, progression and nomenclature: a current concepts review.

Purpose: There has been a recent shift toward the analysis of the pathoanatomical variation of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) spine with the three dimensions, and research of level-wise vertebral body morphology in single anatomical planes is now replete within the field. In addition to providing a precise description of the osseous structures that are the focus of instrumented surgical interventions, understanding the anatomical variation between vertebral bodies will elucidate possible pathoaetiological mechanisms of the onset of scoliotic deformity.

Methods: This review aimed to discuss the current landscape of AIS segmental vertebral morphology research and provide a comprehensive report of the typical patterns observed at the individual vertebral level.

Motor action changes pain perception: a sensory attenuation paradigm in the context of pain.

A large body of evidence indicates how pain affects motor control, yet the way the motor system influences pain perception remains unclear. We present 2 experiments that investigated sensory attenuation of pain implementing a 2-alternative forced choice paradigm. Particularly, healthy participants received painful stimuli on a moving and nonmoving hand during the execution or the preparation of reaching motor actions.

First Report of causing leaf spot on in Brazil.

, also known as "princess flower", is an ornamental species native to Brazil and naturalized in several countries (Faravani et al. 2007). has a high economic value, with an ornamental and landscape application (Nienow et al.

Evaluating validity of the Kids-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Kids-BESTest) Clinical Test of Sensory Integration of Balance (CTSIB) criteria to categorise stance postural control of ambulant children with CP.

Purpose: Evaluate the validity of the Clinical Test of Sensory Integration of Balance (CTSIB) scored using Kids-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Kids-BESTest) criteria compared to laboratory measures of postural control.

Method: Participants were 58 children, 7-18 years, 17 with ambulant cerebral palsy (CP) (GMFCS I-II), and 41 typically developing (TD). Postural control in standing was assessed using CTSIB items firm and foam surfaces, eyes open (EO) then closed (EC).

Postural Control Performance on the Functional Reach Test: Validity of the Kids-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Kids-BESTest) Criteria.

Objective: Evaluate the validity of the Kids-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Kids-BESTest) clinical criteria for the Functional Reach Test (FRT) forward and lateral with laboratory measures of postural control in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Design: Psychometric study of face, concurrent, and content validity.

Setting: Clinical laboratory.