The study used low energy ion implantation to enhance the surface properties of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) for better biocompatibility and bioactivity.
Both Ca- and Ar-ions were implanted, resulting in changes to the atomic structure, surface chemistry, and hydrophobicity, as confirmed by various spectroscopy techniques.
Cell adhesion tests showed that both ion implantations improved cell attachment, with Ca-ion implantation leading to the strongest results, indicating a positive effect on biological responses.