Dynamics aspects and bifurcations of a tumor-immune system interaction under stationary immunotherapy.

We consider a three-dimensional mathematical model that describes the interaction between the effector cells, tumor cells, and the cytokine (IL-2) of a patient. This is called the Kirschner-Panetta model. Our objective is to explain the tumor oscillations in tumor sizes as well as long-term tumor relapse.

Partial Labyrinth Removal Restricted to the Superior Semicircular Canal in Focal Combined Transpetrosal Approach: Description and Illustrative Cases.

Background And Objectives: The labyrinthine structures obstruct the surgical view of the deep petroclival region in the transpetrosal approach. Historically, labyrinthectomy and removal of all 3 semicircular canals, with resultant deafness, was used in patients with ipsilateral functional hearing deficits to improve access. The advent and systematization of superior and posterior semicircular canal removal (transcrusal approach) with good rates of hearing preservation has allowed a redefinition of the possibility of partial labyrinthectomy in patients without previous hearing deficits.

Hearing preservation middle fossa approach for intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma in a NF2 patient.

Hearing preservation is a cornerstone in the management of intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas. This video demonstrates a middle fossa approach to an intracanalicular schwannoma and highlights some technical and anatomical nuances relevant to the procedure. The patient had sustained hearing preservation in the postoperative period.

Increase of the clivus-canal angle in patients with basilar invagination, without atlantoaxial displacement, treated with a simple maneuver of indirect decompression of the odontoid with the head clamp, during posterior occipitocervical arthrodesis.

Background: Basilar invagination (BI) can be defined as the insinuation of the content of the craniovertebral junction through the foramen magnum toward the posterior fossa. BI is a prevalent condition in Northeast Brazil. The present study describes the changes in the clivus-canal angle (CCA) in the postoperative period in patients with symptomatic BI operated by a posterior approach, using a simple technique of indirect reduction of the odontoid associated with occipitocervical fixation.

Comparative study between minimally invasive supraorbital craniotomy and pterional craniotomy for treating anterior circulation cerebral aneurysms in a low-resource setting.

The challenges encountered in performing minimally invasive approaches, such as supraorbital minicraniotomy (SOMC), in services without adequate equipment are rarely reported in the literature. This study analyzes the viability of SOMC in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, using exactly the same resources as pterional craniotomy (PC). The results of these two techniques are compared.

Tentorial Peeling: Surgical Extradural Navigation to Protect the Temporal Lobe in the Focused Combined Transpetrosal Approach.

Background: Transpetrosal approaches have been used for treatment of tumors in the petroclival region for many years. Injury to the temporal lobe, however, has been a potential drawback of the techniques described to date.

Objective: To describe modifications of the transpetrosal surgical technique, which allows extradural manipulation of the temporal lobe during the focused combined transpetrosal approach.

[Lung infection by lophomonas spp. in a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia].

Protozoic infections are prevalent worldwide, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. We reported the case of a patient from the city of Viña del Mar, Chile, a carrier of acute myeloid leukemia in whom an infection by Lophomonas sp. was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

Chiari 1 Malformation Surgery: Comparing Non-violation of the Arachnoid versus Arachnoid Opening and Thermocoagulation of the Tonsils.

Objective: Evidence is lacking concerning the myriad surgical techniques for type 1 Chiari malformation. This study evaluated the impact of arachnoid violation with tonsil thermocoagulation during surgical craniovertebral junction decompression.

Methods: The evaluation included aspects of the neurologic examination and parameters of cerebrospinal fluid flow on magnetic resonance imaging during preoperative and postoperative periods.

Results of an international drug testing service for cryptomarket users.

Introduction: User surveys indicate that expectations of higher drug purity are a key reason for cryptomarket use. In 2014-2015, Spain's NGO Energy Control conducted a 1-year pilot project to provide a testing service to cryptomarket drug users using the Transnational European Drug Information (TEDI) guidelines. In this paper, we present content and purity data from the trial.

Surgical treatment of type I Chiari malformation: the role of Magendie's foramen opening e tonsils manipulation.

The treatment for type 1 Chiari malformation (CM 1) is one of the most controversial topics in the neurosurgical field. The present study evaluated two of the most applied surgical techniques to treat CM 1. Method 32 patients were evaluated and divided in two groups: group 1 had 16 patients that were submitted to decompression of occipital bone and dura mater of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ); group 2 also had 16 patients and in addition to the previous procedure, they were submitted to Magendie's foramen opening e tonsils manipulation.

Craniovertebral junction malformation in Northeastern Brazil: the myth of the Dutch colonization.

The high prevalence of craniovertebral junction malformation in Northeastern Brazil is historically associated with brachycephalic biotype (flat head), also common in this region. It has been postulated that this trait was introduced to this region by the Dutch during the colonial period in Brazil's history. Based on the confrontation of this paradigm against some historical facts, the authors concluded that the brachycephalic phenotype was inherited from prehistoric ancestors (Amerindians) who were already living in this region when white European men arrived.

Extensive spinal cord involvement in magnetic resonance imaging evaluation on schistosomal myelitis.

Unlabelled: The diagnosis of schistosomal myelitis (SM) is frequently presumptive because no findings from any complementary examination are pathognomonic for this disease. The present report describes some abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of a series of SM patients and discusses their etiopathogenesis.

Methods: This study evaluated SM patients at the time of their diagnosis.

Polysubstance use patterns in underground rave attenders: a cluster analysis.

Drug use in mainstream rave parties has been widely documented in a large number of studies. However, not much is known about drug use in underground raves. The purpose of this study is to find out the polysubstance use patterns at underground raves.

Radicular dysfunction preponderance at early phase clinical evaluation in myelitis by Schistosoma mansoni.

Unlabelled: In neuroschistosomiasis, the spinal cord is the most common place of the disease. In high prevalent areas for schistosomiasis mansoni, the clinical alertness is important for an early diagnostic, in order to decrease the final neurological damage. This study provides some useful neurologic information about a series of patients with schistosomal myelitis.

Schistosomiasis mansoni presenting as a cerebellar tumor: case report.

The Manson's schistosomiasis tumoral form rarely affects the brain. There are only 12 cases prior related with a mean age of 25 years and a male predominance. We describe a 16-year-old Brazilian Northeastern boy with a cerebellar mass lesion.