Torrefaction of kraft pulp mills sludges.

Torrefaction emerges as an industrial process that increases the energy content of conventional biomass. Primary and secondary sludge are the main solid residues generated in the Effluent Treatment Plants of bleached kraft pulp mills, and can be considered as biomass. Typically, these wastes are sent to industrial landfills.

Characteristics and treatment of Brazilian pulp and paper mill effluents: a review.

Pulp and paper industries are very important for developing the Brazilian economy. During production processes, many effluents are generated with high polluting potential. The objective of this study is to conduct an extensive literature review on the characteristics of effluents and treatment forms adopted by Brazilian mills in this industrial sector.

Pulp mill sludge-derived carbon activated with an alternative source of chemicals and its application in wastewater treatment - An approach for byproducts valorization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate pulp mill by-products valorization through activated carbon (AC) production and its application in wastewater treatment. Bio-sludge is a known promising precursor for AC production. The mill's chemical recovery stage generates an effluent (electrostatic precipitator ash leachate - EPAL) with high levels of potassium and sodium, which motivate studies regarding its viability as a chemical source for carbon activation.

A case study on the treatment and recycling of the effluent generated from a thermo-mechanical pulp mill in Brazil after the installation of a new bleaching process.

A Brazilian thermo-mechanical pulp mill (TMP) was evaluating the installation of a proposed bleaching process, with changes in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the wastewaters and the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). The objectives of this research were to evaluate the treatment plant configuration for the future industrial effluent, consisting of a flotation unit followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), an activated sludge process and nanofiltration (NF) using polymeric membranes, and to study the technical feasibility of recycling the treated effluents in the industrial process. The possible options for recycling the treated effluent were determined through a water balance of the mill.

Effect of the gradual increase of salt on stability and microbial diversity of granular sludge and ammonia removal.

Two sequential batch reactors were operated, aiming at forming aerobic granular sludge and studying the effects of the gradual increase of the NaCl concentration on the granule. structure and microbial diversity, and on the efficiency of ammonia removal. The reactors were fed with ammonia-enriched synthetic effluent and 5 g L of NaCl per week were applied.

Effects of electrostatic precipitators ash leachate (EPAL) from recovery boilers on the biological treatment of effluent of kraft pulp mills.

The electrostatic precipitators ash leachate (EPAL) from recovery boilers of kraft pulp mills is generated in processes dedicated to the removal of potassium and chloride salts seeking to avoid fouling and corrosion in pipes and equipment. However, the EPAL is rich in salts and has high electrical conductivity. Whenever it is sent to the effluent treatment plant (ETP), it can cause negative impacts to the biological process.

Thermal drying of industrial sludge using forced aeration.

This study investigated an industrial biosludge drying system using hot gases from a coal furnace, seeking to increase the solids content of the biosludge above 50% (w.b.), considered suitable for combustion in biomass boilers.

A multi-criteria decision analysis of management alternatives for anaerobically digested kraft pulp mill sludge.

The Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) procedure was used to compare waste management options for kraft pulp mill sludge following its anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion of sludge is advantageous because it produces biogas that may be used to generate electricity, heat and biofuels. However, adequate management of the digested sludge is essential.

Ammonium removal from high-salinity oilfield-produced water: assessing the microbial community dynamics at increasing salt concentrations.

Water generated during oil exploration is chemically complex and contains high concentrations of ammonium and, in some cases, high salinity. The most common way to remove ammonium from effluent is a biological process, which can be performed by different routes and different groups of microorganisms. However, the presence of salts in the effluents could be an inhibiting factor for biological processes, interfering directly with treatment.