An integrative approach to the study of (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) Colombian and Brazilian populations associated with crops.

In total, 10 populations of associated with spp., six from Colombia, and four from Brazil were identified to the species level. Morphological and morphometric data were recorded for each population, performed a principal components analysis (PCA), a conglomerate, along with consensus sequences of D2 to D3 expansion segment of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA (28S) for different populations.

Morpho-molecular characterization of Colombian and Brazilian populations of associated with spp.

Three populations, two from Colombia and one from Brazil, of associated with banana and plantain, were characterized using morphological, morphometric, and molecular methods. Morphometric data from these populations were similar to type and reference populations of . Partial sequences of both D2-D3 rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) regions had a strong affinity (99% similarity) to previously published sequences of .

A Rapid Diagnostic for Detection of Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. fujianensis Based on Real-Time PCR.

Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. fujianensis have been frequently found in mixed populations associated with forage grass seed in Brazil. The morphological similarity between both species has previously led A.

First report of Meloidogyne graminis on golf courses turfgrass in Brazil.

Plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, known as root-knot nematodes (RKN), have an important economic impact on golf course turfgrasses. The most prevalent RKN species associated with grasses are M. chitwoodi, M.

Entomopathogenic nematodes in agricultural areas in Brazil.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) can control pests due to the mutualistic association with bacteria that kill the host by septicemia and make the environment favorable for EPNs development and reproduction. The diversity of EPNs in Brazilian soils requires further study. The identification of EPNs, adapted to environmental and climatic conditions of cultivated areas is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management programs in agricultural areas of Brazil.

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Metarhabditis blumi (Nematoda: Rhabditida).

The species Metarhabditis blumi was diagnosed for the first time in Brazil using a molecular assay. Parasites isolated from two cattle herds from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, were classified as M. blumi according to their D2/D3 expansion fragments of the 28S rDNA sequence, which had a high degree of homology (100% similarity) with a M.

Xiphinema krugi, Species Complex or Complex of Cryptic Species?

Fourteen morphologically putative populations of X. krugi were clearly separated into four different profiles by RFLP analysis (Alu I and Hinf I), sequencing of the ITS-1 region, and subsequent Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses. These four profiles were further supported by a principal component analysis of morphometric characters that yielded four taxonomic clusters matching those produced by the molecular data.

Ribosomal and Mitochondrial DNA Analyses of Xiphinema americanum-Group Populations.

The 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and cytochrome oxidase I region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were sequenced for 24 Xiphinema americanum-group populations sourced from a number of geographically disparate locations. Sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis and compared. 18S rDNA strongly suggested that only X.

Phylogenetic Relationships Among Xiphinema and Xiphidorus Nematode Species from Brazil Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences.

Maximum likelihood trees produced from 18S rDNA sequences separated 14 Xiphinema and five Xiphidorus nematode species from Brazil into distinct groups that concurred with their current morphological taxonomic status. Species belonging to the X. americanum group (X.