Neuron-specific enolase, S100B, and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels as outcome predictors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: The availability of markers able to provide an early insight related to prognostic and functional outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are limited.

Objective: The relationship of clinical outcome with CSF neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in patients with severe TBI was investigated.

Methods: Twenty patients with severe TBI (7 days at unit care) and controls were studied.