Acute exercise induces distinct quantitative and phenotypical T cell profiles in men with prostate cancer.

Background: Reduced testosterone levels can influence immune system function, particularly T cells. Exercise during cancer reduces treatment-related side effects and provide a stimulus to mobilize and redistribute immune cells. However, it is unclear how conventional and unconventional T cells (UTC) respond to acute exercise in prostate cancer survivors compared to healthy controls.

Impact of community-based exercise on fatigue in early breast cancer survivors: identifying potential determinants of change.

Background: Exercise has been shown to reduce fatigue in early breast cancer survivors (EBCS), though it is unclear if these results translate to community-based exercise settings. Mechanisms that influence changes in fatigue seen after exercise are also poorly understood. This study sought to evaluate the impact of community-based exercise and identify associations of fatigue in EBCS.

Feasibility of home-based exercise training in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Home-based training increases accessibility to exercise and mitigates the side effects of hormone therapy for prostate cancer (PC). However, it is unknown if men with more advanced disease are willing to partake in such interventions.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of a home-based exercise intervention in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Baseline fatigue in early breast cancer survivors: understanding its prevalence in community-based exercise.

Purpose: Examine baseline fatigue levels in early-breast cancer survivors (EBCS) compared to inactive controls (CON) and identify associated physical and psychosocial factors with fatigue prior to community-based exercise.

Methods: A total of 33 EBCS (53.9 ± 11.

The Effects of 16 Weeks of Exercise Training on Neutrophil Functions in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Unlabelled: Following therapy, breast cancer survivors (BCS) have an increased risk of infections because of age and cancer dysregulation of inflammation and neutrophil functions. Neutrophil functions may be improved by exercise training, although limited data exist on exercise and neutrophil functions in BCS.Sixteen BCS [mean age: 56 (SD 11) years old] completed 16 weeks of community-based exercise training and a 45-minute acute bout of cycling before (Base) and after (Final) the exercise training program.

Exercise-induced modulation of monocytes in breast cancer survivors.

Background: Exercise training reduces inflammation in breast cancer survivors; however, the mechanism is not fully understood.

Objectives: The effects of acute and chronic exercise on monocyte toll-like receptor (TLR2 and 4) expression and intracellular cytokine production were examined in sedentary breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Eleven women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer within one year of treatment completion performed an acute, intermittent aerobic exercise trial.

Impact of community-based exercise program participation on aerobic capacity in women with and without breast cancer.

Background: Evidence for exercise as an efficacious strategy to improve aerobic capacity of breast cancer survivors (BCS) has come largely from intervention studies conducted in laboratory settings. There is an increasing need to translate to community-type settings, but the efficacy of those interventions using gold standard evaluation is not well-established.

Aim: To investigate whether similar improvement in aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen consumption [VO]) measured with gold standard testing can be achieved through a community-based setting in BCS.

Exercise training partially rescues impaired mucosal associated invariant t-cell mobilization in breast cancer survivors compared to healthy older women.

Unlabelled: Exercise may attenuate immunosenescence with aging that appears to be accelerated following breast cancer treatment, although limited data on specific cell types exists and acute and chronic exercise have been investigated independently in older adults.

Purpose: To determine the mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cell response to acute exercise before (PRE) and after (POST) 16 weeks of exercise training in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and healthy older women (CON).

Methods: Age-matched BCS and CON performed 45 min of intermittent cycling at 60% peak power output wattage.

Community-based exercise programs and cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To explore the prevalence of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) within community-based exercise programs and to determine the overall impact that participation in community-based exercise programs have on CRF.

Methods: Literature searches were performed in March and updated in April of 2020. Studies that were community-based in adult cancer populations and reported CRF outcomes were included.

Physical Activity Can Enhance Life (PACE-Life): results from a 10-week walking intervention for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Background: Premature mortality in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) is largely due to high rates of chronic health conditions. Although exercise has been shown to improve health in this population, scalable and accessible interventions are limited.

Aim: To examine the impact of Physical Activity Can Enhance Life (PACE-Life), a novel walking intervention, on physical activity, and on secondary outcomes of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical health, autonomous motivation, social support, and quality of life.

Body composition, physical function and quality of life in healthy men and across different stages of prostate cancer.

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PC) has detrimental effects on physical function and quality of life (QoL), but the addition of androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSI) on these outcomes is unclear.

Purpose: To compare body composition, physical function, and QoL across progressive stages of PC and non-cancer controls (CON).

Methods: In men with hormone sensitive PC (HSPC, n = 43) or metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC, n = 22) or CON (n = 37), relative and absolute lean and fat mass, physical function (6 m walk, chair stands, timed up and go [TUG], stair climb), and QoL were determined.

Natural killer cell mobilization and egress following acute exercise in men with prostate cancer.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What are the characteristics of the NK cell response following acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in prostate cancer survivors and is there a relationship between stress hormones and NK cell mobilization? What is the main finding and its importance? NK cell numbers and proportions changed similarly between prostate cancer survivors and controls following acute exercise. Consecutive training sessions can likely be used without adverse effects on the immune system during prostate cancer treatment.

Abstract: Prostate cancer treatment affects multiple physiological systems, although the immune response during exercise has been minimally investigated.

Effect of strength training and antioxidant supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effect of strength training (ST) combined with vitamin C and E supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Twenty-five BCS were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: vitamins (VIT; = 12; 51.0 ± 9.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for the Assessment of Sarcopenia in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background: The loss of muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, is a natural process of aging that is associated with adverse health outcomes regardless of age. Because cancer is a disease of aging, interest in sarcopenia and its potential impact in multiple cancer populations has increased significantly. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a guideline-accepted method for sarcopenia detection.

Once a Week Resistance Training Improves Muscular Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exercise has been shown to reduce adverse outcomes related to breast cancer. However, the rate of adherence to physical exercise is very low among breast cancer survivors (BCS). This study investigated the effects of high supervision ratio resistance training (RT), once a week for 8 weeks, on changes in body composition and muscular strength in BCS.

Two weeks of lower body resistance training enhances cycling tolerability to improve precision of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in sedentary middle-aged females.

It is not uncommon for sedentary individuals to cite leg fatigue as the primary factor for test termination during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a cycle ergometer. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 weeks of lower body resistance training (RT) on cardiopulmonary capacity in sedentary middle-aged females. Additionally, the impact of RT on muscle strength was evaluated.

Exercise Increases Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cell Cytokine Expression but Not Activation or Homing Markers.

Unlabelled: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have properties of both the innate and adaptive immune systems but are an understudied population within exercise immunology. These lymphocytes aggregate at the mucous membranes, but it is unknown if submaximal exercise alters their circulating numbers or function.

Purpose: To determine the MAIT cell response to submaximal exercise on activation and homing marker expression and stimulated cytokine production.

Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Aerobic Training and Common Sport-Related Concussion Outcomes in Healthy Participants.

Context: Aerobic exercise interventions are increasingly being prescribed for concussion rehabilitation, but whether aerobic training protocols influence clinical concussion diagnosis and management assessments is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a brief aerobic exercise intervention on clinical concussion outcomes in healthy, active participants.

Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Movement profile influences systemic stress and biomechanical resilience to high training load exposure.

Objectives: Determine the influence of movement profile on systemic stress and mechanical loading before and after high training load exposure.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Methods: 43 physically active, college-aged field or court sport female athletes participated in this study.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Feasibility and Adherence to an Aerobic Training Program in Healthy Individuals.

Context: Concussion management is moving from passive rest strategies to active interventions, including aerobic exercise therapy. Little information is available regarding the feasibility and adherence of these programs.

Objectives: To determine whether an aerobic exercise training program intended for rehabilitation in people with concussion is feasible.

Relationship between sleep and exercise as colorectal cancer survivors transition off treatment.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between exercise and sleep disturbance in a sample of individuals diagnosed with stage I, II, and III colorectal cancer (CRC) as patients transitioned off first-line treatment. We also sought to identify heterogeneity in the relationship between sleep disturbance and exercise.

Methods: Data were obtained from the MY-Health study, a community-based observational study of adults diagnosed with cancer.

The Effects of Exercise on Patient-Reported Outcomes and Performance-Based Physical Function in Adults With Acute Leukemia Undergoing Induction Therapy: Exercise and Quality of Life in Acute Leukemia (EQUAL).

Introduction: Fatigue is a distressing symptom for adults with acute leukemia, often impeding their ability to exercise.

Objectives: 1) Examine effects of a 4-week mixed-modality supervised exercise program (4 times a week, twice a day) on fatigue in adults with acute leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy. 2) Evaluate effects of exercise program on cognition, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance.

Cancer-Related Fatigue and Muscle Quality in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors.

The purpose of this study was to compare fatigue, strength, body composition, muscle thickness, and muscle quality between Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors (HLS) and apparently healthy subjects matched by age, gender, and physical activity levels (CON). Twelve HLS (32.16 ± 8.

Work out by Walking: A Pilot Exercise Program for Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

The health benefits of exercise are well documented, yet annual health care costs related to physical inactivity are well within the billions. Furthermore, individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are more likely to lead sedentary lives, exercise less than the general population, and die prematurely from preventable causes. Previous research examining the effects of exercise on individuals with SSDs has been encouraging yet limited in creating accessible and sustainable interventions.

The Effects of a Duathlon Simulation on Ventilatory Threshold and Running Economy.

Multisport events continue to grow in popularity among recreational, amateur, and professional athletes around the world. This study aimed to determine the compounding effects of the initial run and cycling legs of an International Triathlon Union (ITU) Duathlon simulation on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT) and running economy (RE) within a thermoneutral, laboratory controlled setting. Seven highly trained multisport athletes completed three trials; Trial-1 consisted of a speed only VO2max treadmill protocol (SOVO2max) to determine VO2max, VT, and RE during a single-bout run; Trial-2 consisted of a 10 km run at 98% of VT followed by an incremental VO2max test on the cycle ergometer; Trial-3 consisted of a 10 km run and 30 km cycling bout at 98% of VT followed by a speed only treadmill test to determine the compounding effects of the initial legs of a duathlon on VO2max, VT, and RE.