Lung Recruitment Before Surfactant Administration in Extremely Preterm Neonates: 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: A multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) showed a lung recruitment maneuver using high-frequency oscillatory ventilation just before surfactant administration (ie, intubate-recruit-surfactant-extubate [IN-REC-SUR-E]) improved the efficacy of treatment compared with the standard intubate-surfactant-extubate (IN-SUR-E) technique without increasing the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Objective: To examine follow-up outcomes at corrected postnatal age (cPNA) 2 years of preterm infants previously enrolled in an RCT and treated with IN-REC-SUR-E or IN-SUR-E in 35 tertiary neonatal intensive care units.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a follow-up study of infants recruited into the primary RCT from 2015 to 2018 at 35 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Italy.

Behavioral guidance for improving dental care in autistic spectrum disorders.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) impair many aspects of everyday life and may prevent access to dental care, often limiting it to emergencies. Impaired oral health has long-lasting negative consequences on health status and on the acquisition of oral habits (e.g.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: What we know, what we can do to improve them and what we could learn from other well-known viruses.

In recent weeks, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been progressively increasing all over the globe, even in countries where vaccination programs have been strongly implemented. In these regions in 2021, a reduction in the number of hospitalizations and deaths compared to 2020 was observed. This decrease is certainly associated with the introduction of vaccination measures.

The function of specialized pro-resolving endogenous lipid mediators, vitamins, and other micronutrients in the control of the inflammatory processes: Possible role in patients with SARS-CoV-2 related infection.

Inflammation is an essential protective response against harmful stimuli, such as invading pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Physiological inflammation eliminates pathogens and promotes tissue repair and healing. Effective immune response in humans depends on a tightly regulated balance among inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms involving both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.

SARS-CoV-2: lessons from both the history of medicine and from the biological behavior of other well-known viruses.

SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the current pandemic worldwide and its associated disease COVID-19. In this review, we have analyzed SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and those ones of other well-known RNA viruses viz. HIV, HCV and Influenza viruses, collecting their historical data, clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms.

COVID-19, what could sepsis, severe acute pancreatitis, gender differences, and aging teach us?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a potentially life-threatening disease, defined as Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). The most common signs and symptoms of this pathological condition include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and sudden onset of anosmia, ageusia, or dysgeusia. The course of COVID-19 is mild or moderate in more than 80% of cases, but it is severe or critical in about 14% and 5% of infected subjects respectively, with a significant risk of mortality.

Paradoxical relationship between proton pump inhibitors and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), used to reduce gastric acid secretion, represent one of the most widely used pharmaceutical classes in the world. Their consumption as a risk factor for the evolution of severe forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been investigated as well as the mortality of these patients. These risks also appear to be linked to the duration and the dosage.

Gingival overgrowth induced by anticonvulsant drugs: A cross-sectional study on epileptic patients.

Objective: Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of gingival overgrowth (hyperplasia) and to determine whether active molecules affect the severity of overgrowth in a group of epileptic patients.

Background: The effects of phenytoin on oral health have been explored in different studies, yet little information is available on other antiepileptic drugs.

Methods: Data were collected from 213 subjects of both sexes, from 5 to 80 years.

Involvement of the exocrine pancreas during COVID-19 infection and possible pathogenetic hypothesis: a concise review.

The gastrointestinal system may be affected by COVID-19 infection with an incidence variable from 3% up to 79%. Several works show that the pancreas, both in its exocrine and endocrine function, can be affected by this viral infection, although this organ has been poorly analyzed in this current epidemic context. This mini-review aims to provide a summary of available studies on exocrine pancreas involvement during COVID-19 infection.

Cytokine storm in aged people with CoV-2: possible role of vitamins as therapy or preventive strategy.

Background: In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had emerged. The WHO has classified the epidemic as a "public health emergency of international concern". A dramatic situation has unfolded with thousands of deaths, occurring mainly in the aged and very ill people.

The rationale for a multi-step therapeutic approach based on antivirals, drugs and nutrients with immunomodulatory activity in patients with coronavirus-SARS2-induced disease of different severities.

In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised to cause a pneumonia epidemic outbreak with different degrees of severity in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. Since then, this epidemic has spread worldwide; in Europe, Italy has been involved. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are absolutely required to block this serious public health concern.

Symmetry of dental agenesis in Down Syndrome children.

Background/purpose: Down syndrome (DS) may affect the mouth, influencing its function, feeding and hence overall health status. We aim at investigating the frequency and type of dental agenesis in a school-age DS sample, evaluating gender, laterality, upper or lower side, and mono- or bi-laterality.

Materials And Methods: Oral clinical and radiological exams were performed.

Hypothermia reduces seizure burden and improves neurological outcome in severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: an observational study.

Aim: To evaluate the antiepileptic effect of hypothermia and its association with neurological outcome in infants with moderate and severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Method: We compared polygraphic electroencephalography monitoring and outcome data in 39 cooled and 33 non-cooled term newborn infants, born between January 2005 and March 2013, and hospitalized because of signs of asphyxia and moderate to severe HIE.

Results: Cooled newborn infants had fewer seizures (14/39 vs 20/33 p=0.

Massive thymic hemorrhage and hemothorax occurring in utero.

Background: Thymic enlargement is a common and physiological finding in children and neonates' X-rays, but it is usually asymptomatic. Occasionally it can cause respiratory distress. In most cases the aetiology of this expansion remains unclear and it is diagnosed as a thymic hyperplasia.

Shelf life and quality study of minced tilapia with Nori and Hijiki seaweeds as natural additives.

The extraction of mechanically separated meat has emerged as an attractive process. However, it increases the incorporation of oxygen and, consequently, of flavors due to rancidity. Thus, preservatives must be added.

Fatal pneumonia following maternal HSV-1 viraemia in late pregnancy.

Neonatal Herpes simplex virus (HSV) pneumonia without apparent accompanying disseminated infection is a rare condition. We describe a case of neonatal pneumonia following maternal HSV type 1 viraemia in late pregnancy. A review of the literature shows that cases of HSV presenting as pneumonia in the first week of life are the most severe form of neonatal HSV.

Prognostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging summation scores or apparent diffusion coefficient maps in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Background: The diagnostic and prognostic assessment of newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) comprises, among other tools, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.

Objective: To compare the ability of DWI and ADC maps in newborns with HIE to predict the neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four term newborns with HIE admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Modena University Hospital from 2004 to 2008 were consecutively enrolled in the study.

Tensegrity model hypothesis: may this paradigm be useful to explain hepatic and pancreatic carcinogenesis in patients with persistent hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection?

Context: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) possess well-known oncogenic properties and may promote carcinogenesis in liver. However antigens and replicative sequences of HBV/HCV have been also detected in different extra-hepatic tissues, including the pancreas. Although epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have recently suggested that HBV/HCV may be also risk factors for pancreatic cancer and several researches have investigated the possible mechanisms and intra-/extra-cellular paths involved in pancreatic and hepatic carcinogenesis, to date, these complex processes remain largely unexplained.

Preterm birth and developmental problems in infancy and preschool age Part II: cognitive, neuropsychological and behavioural outcomes.

Few studies focus on the neuropsychological and behavioural outcomes of preterm children at preschool age. This article reviews the most recent and relevant contributions on cognitive, neuropsychological and behavioural outcomes, and the neuroradiological findings in extremely and very preterm infants. In the first 2 years of life, cognitive impairment is common: it has an incidence of 30-40% and a higher prevalence than neuromotor and neurosensorial impairments.

Preterm birth and developmental problems in the preschool age. Part I: minor motor problems.

Nearly half of very preterm (VP) and extremely preterm (EP) infants suffers from minor disabilities. The paper overviews the literature dealing with motor problems other than cerebral palsy (CP) during infancy and preschool age. The term "minor motor problems" indicates a wide spectrum of motor disorders other than CP; "minor" does not mean "minimal", as a relevant proportion of the preterm infants will develop academic and behavioural problems at school age.

Neonatal herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in utero, the transmission frequently occurs during delivery. The disease may be disseminated, localized to the central nervous system, or involving skin, eye and/or mouth.

Hand movements at 3 months predict later hemiplegia in term infants with neonatal cerebral infarction.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of quantitative assessment of hand movements in 3-month-old infants after neonatal stroke.

Method: Thirteen infants born at term (five females, eight males; mean gestational age 39.4wks, SD 1.