Ethyl alcohol threshold test: a fast, reliable and affordable olfactory Assessment tool for COVID-19 patients.

Objective: COVID-19 patients may present mild symptoms. The identification of paucisymptomatic patients is paramount in order to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus. Olfactory loss could be one of those early symptoms which might help in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.

Development of an International Odor Identification Test for Children: The Universal Sniff Test.

Objective: To assess olfactory function in children and to create and validate an odor identification test to diagnose olfactory dysfunction in children, which we called the Universal Sniff (U-Sniff) test.

Study Design: This is a multicenter study involving 19 countries. The U-Sniff test was developed in 3 phases including 1760 children age 5-7 years.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) for Spanish-speaking patients.

Our objective was to perform translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) to Spanish language. SNOT-22 was translated, back translated, and a pretest trial was performed. The study included 119 individuals divided into 60 cases, who met diagnostic criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis 2012; and 59 controls, who reported no sino-nasal disease.

Endoscopic approaches to pituitary lesions: difficulties and challenges.

Introduction And Objectives: The evolution of surgical approaches to the pituitary region brings benefits to the patient, but also means changes for otolaryngologists, who have to face new difficulties and complications. The objective of this paper was to present our experience in the endoscopic approach to the pituitary region, assessing the difficulties and complications encountered, and to offer possible elements for improvement.

Material And Method: We reviewed the first 40 cases of pituitary approaches we carried out between 2008 and 2011.