Childhood severe asthma: relationship among asthma control scores, FeNO, spirometry and impulse oscillometry.

Introduction: The evaluation of the asthmatic patient is usually based on clinical and functional parameters that do not necessarily evidence the degree of airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether clinical scores (CS) correlate with spirometry (S), impulse oscillometry (IO) and FeNO, in severe asthmatic children.

Material And Methods: A multicentric, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted over a 12-month period.

Follow-up of children diagnosed with severe asthma before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care strategies were explored to ensure the follow-up of children with severe asthma. This was a prospective, observational, and comparative study. Patients in the severe asthma program of a tertiary care children's hospital were included (n: 74).

Pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction: A pediatric clinical case report.

Interstitial lung diseases are rare in pediatrics. They include dysfunctions in the metabolism of pulmonary surfactant, an amphipathic molecule that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse. Here we describe the case of a 6-month-old infant controlled for low weight, who presented with acute respiratory distress and cyanosis; his chest X-ray showed interstitial infiltrate, pneumomediastinum, and bilateral pneumothorax.

Clinical and functional course of patients with cystic fibrosis treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor at a children's hospital. A case series.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators treat defective CFTR protein. Our objective is to describe the course of children with cystic fibrosis treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor. This is a case series of 13 patients aged 6 to 18 years with ≥ 6 months of treatment.

Persistent spontaneous pneumothorax as a primary manifestation of primary synovial sarcoma of the lung: a case report.

Pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is a primary malignancy of the lung, uncommon in pediatrics (prevalence: 0.1-0.5%) that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults.

Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cystic fibrosis: An international observational study.

Background: The presence of co-morbidities, including underlying respiratory problems, has been identified as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. Information on the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is limited, yet vital to provide accurate advice for children with CF, their families, caregivers and clinical teams.

Methods: Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with CF aged less than 18 years were collated by the CF Registry Global Harmonization Group across 13 countries between 1 February and 7 August 2020.

The future of cystic fibrosis care: a global perspective.

The past six decades have seen remarkable improvements in health outcomes for people with cystic fibrosis, which was once a fatal disease of infants and young children. However, although life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis has increased substantially, the disease continues to limit survival and quality of life, and results in a large burden of care for people with cystic fibrosis and their families. Furthermore, epidemiological studies in the past two decades have shown that cystic fibrosis occurs and is more frequent than was previously thought in populations of non-European descent, and the disease is now recognised in many regions of the world.

Population pharmacokinetics of amikacin in patients with pediatric cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Amikacin is commonly used in patients with pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Amikacin efficacy is related to maximum plasma concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration (Cmax/MIC) ratio >8. Pharmacokinetic data in patients with pediatric CF are scarce.

Key factors associated with uncontrolled asthma - the Asthma Control in Latin America Study.

This study aimed to estimate asthma control at specialist treatment centers in four Latin American countries and assess factors influencing poor asthma control. Patients aged ≥12 years with an asthma diagnosis and asthma medication prescription, followed at outpatient specialist centers in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, were included. The study received all applicable ethical approvals.

[Bullous pneumonia secondary to Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, its clinical and radiological evolution].

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an opportunistic pathogen with a high mortality and an increasing incidence in the intensive care units. We present a 4-year-old patient with a history of atresia of the biliary tract and a liver transplant at 11 months of age, who was admitted for acute respiratory infection with hypoxemia. During the hospitalization, she required mechanical ventilation.

Clinical impact of omalizumab treatment in children with severe asthma: Report of a local experience.

Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, is indicated for the treatment of severe asthma. A longitudinal (pre-/post-intervention), observational, analytical study was conducted to assess the clinical and functional course of patients with uncontrolled severe asthma, 16 weeks before and after treatment. Asthma was controlled in 17 cases (p = 0.

Severe asthma in pediatrics: Outcomes of the implementation of a special health care protocol.

Introduction: Severe asthma accounts for 5-7% of all asthma cases. The World Health Organization proposed a follow-up protocol to classify cases into severe, treatment-resistant asthma (STRA) or severe, difficult-to-control asthma (SDCA).

Objective: To analyze the clinical, functional, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with STRA or SDCA.

Risk factors for morbidities and mortality in children following pneumonectomy.

Background And Objective: Pneumonectomy (PNE) is a procedure infrequently performed in children. A high morbidity/mortality rate associated with PNE has been described. Few series have been published in the last 15 years.

Cystic fibrosis in Latin America-Improving the awareness.

The burden of cystic fibrosis (CF) in Latin America is being increasingly recognized and is significant compared with other regions of the world. In this short communication, we assess the current situation in some Latin American countries and make suggestions for possible directions for future focus. We discuss the work that remains in deciphering how the various genetic, environmental and medical factors interact and influence outcomes in different ethnic groups.

[Diffuse lung disease: cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension before one year of age].

Pulmonary vascular disease in children is multifactorial and heterogeneous. While it shares some features with pulmonary hypertension in adults, there are differences in the associated comorbidities and conditions, the coexistence of genetic or developmental diseases. Interstitial lung diseases may be responsible for this entity.

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans and mannose-binding lectin insufficiency in Argentinean children.

Background And Objective: Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a severe disorder following acute lower pulmonary infection in young children, especially caused by adenovirus. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency arising from polymorphisms in the coding and non-coding region on the MBL2 gene has been associated with more frequent and severe respiratory infections. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of MBL variants in the susceptibility and evolution of children with PIBO.

Mannose-binding lectin gene as a modifier of the cystic fibrosis phenotype in Argentinean pediatric patients.

Background: There is a considerable variation in the phenotype and course of the disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) even in patients with the same CFTR genotype, suggesting that other factors are important for prognosis. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) has been proposed as one of these factors. We therefore investigated the influence of MBL2 gene variants on disease severity, age at acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and survival in CF patients.

Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children: the South American contribution.

Unlabelled: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is an infrequent chronic lung that causes irreversible obstruction and, or, obliteration of the smaller airways. This review particularly focuses on more than 30 studies from South America.

Conclusion: The initial PIBO event occurs in the early years of life and is strongly associated with adenovirus infection and the need for mechanical ventilator support.

Tobacco consumption among pediatric residents in Argentina. Current prevalence and trend over the past 10 years.

Introduction: Pediatricians are in a strategic position to prevent smoking.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of smoking among pediatric residents, analyze associated factors, describe preventive actions, and assess the differences observed over the past decade.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with a self-administered, anonymous survey conducted among pediatric residents from eight Argentine hospitals.

Influence of β(2)-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms on asthma exacerbation in children with severe asthma regularly receiving salmeterol.

Background: New evidence suggests that different β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) polymorphisms may influence asthma control in patients receiving long-acting β(2)agonists (LABAs) as regular therapy.

Objectives: To determine the influence of β2AR polymorphisms on asthma exacerbations in children with severe asthma from Argentina receiving inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and LABAs regularly.

Methods: Ninety-seven children with severe asthma were genotyped for polymorphisms of β2AR at codons 16 and 27.

[Early antibiotic treatment for eradication of initial infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis].

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic autosomal recessive disease that affects approximately 1:6000 live births in our country. Chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is associated with higher morbidity and-mortality, and deterioration of lung function. Treatment of initial infection is important to prevent or delay chronic infection.

[Dehydration and metabolic alkalosis: an unusual presentation of cystic fibrosis in an infant].

Cystic fibrosis (CF) may present during neonatal period with classic clinic symptoms related to the disease. The severity of the disease is multifactorial, one of the factors depends on the level of activity of the CFTR protein, which is related with the mutation type that affects the patient. An infant is presented who developed recurrent episodes of vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities, such as metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia.