Ready-to-use graphene-related material-added multi-grade oils: characterization and performance in car engine working conditions.

The need for energy efficiency is leading to the growing use of additives to enhance the performance of oil in automotive engines. Great interest is focused on nano-additives even if to date there is still no practical use in commercial liquid lubricants. Herein, the potential of industrially scalable and low-cost graphene-related materials (GRMs) as additives to enhance the performance of oil in automotive engines is explored.