Evaluations of Repaired Artery Patency in Forearm Wounds Using the Allen Test, Handheld Doppler and Doppler Ultrasonography.

 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the rate of patency in the postoperative period of arterial injuries of the forearm secondary to penetrating trauma. The injuries were subjected to primary repair and examined with the Allen test and a handheld Doppler device, and the results were later confirmed with Doppler ultrasonography.  Eighteen patients were included, with a total of 19 arterial lesions, 14 ulnar lesions, and 5 radial lesions; one patient had lesions on both forearms.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Work, Health, and Quality of Life of Brazilian Hand Surgeons.

Background: To evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the clinical practice, health, and quality of life of Brazilian hand surgeons when only essential services and emergency procedures were being provided.

Method: A questionnaire of 50 questions was sent to members of the Brazilian Society of Hand Surgery addressing work and life routines before the pandemic and during the initial quarantine period from April to August 2020.

Results: Two hundred ten hand surgeons answered the questionnaire; 55.

Evaluation of the COVID-19 Infection Rate in the Perioperative Period of Elective Surgeries of the Hand and Microsurgery.

Background: After the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), the world started reducing the number of elective surgeries to reduce the transmission of the coronavirus. Some priority elective surgeries were performed, and there was no increase in contagion rates due to safety protocols and protection measures. The study aims to present the coronavirus infection rate of elective hand surgeries and microsurgery performed during pandemics.

Yttrium-90 radiosynovectomy in knees and ankles (25 joints in 22 hemophilic patients). Short-term results.

Introduction: The radiosynovectomy (RS) is one treatment option for recurrent hemarthrosis in patients with hemophilia (PWH). A prospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the effects of the RS on the synovial membrane volume in the ankles and knees of PWH and patient characteristics related to the RS outcome.

Methods: In a one-year follow-up, 25 joints of 22 PWH who presented 3 bleeds or more in the same joint over the last 6 months (target joints) were subjected to the RS.

BIOMECHANICS OF BONE BLOCK GRAFT MODELS OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRY.

Objective: To evaluate the mechanical behavior of different geometry bone block grafts in wooden models.

Methods: Constructs with rectangular (G1) and trapezoidal (G2) profile "grafts", fixed with 3.5 mm 8-hole dynamic compression plates were submitted to non-destructive bending, with the load applied alternately on the same surface as that of the plate fixation (upper) and on the opposite surface (lower), and torsion tests.

SPRING PLATES IN DISTAL RADIO FRACTURES: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.

Background: Distal radius fractures are one of the most common orthopedic injuries and appear in various patterns. Volar plate fixation is not always considered the gold standard treatment.

Objective: To measure the resistance of a fragment-specific fixation assembly model obtained by plate fixation associated with different K-wire sizes.

Ultrasonographic characterization of the ulnar collateral ligament of normal thumbs in different age groups.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform ultrasonographic characterization of the normal ulnar collateral ligament in different age groups and compare it in men and women and in dominant and nondominant hands.

Methods: Forty right-handed volunteers in the age groups 20-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 years without a history of trauma or surgical procedure in the studied joint were evaluated. The studied parameters were ligament length, greatest ligament thickness, ligament longitudinal section area in the longitudinal plane, distance from the aponeurosis of the adductor muscle to the metacarpal head surface and joint opening at rest and under abduction stress.

LLLT actives MMP-2 and increases muscle mechanical resistance after nerve sciatic rat regeneration.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on metalloproteinase expression and the mechanical strength of skeletal muscle regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Rats were subjected to crush injury of the right sciatic nerve, followed by LLLT (830 nm, 35, 70, 140, and 280 J/cm) for 21 consecutive days. Functional gait analysis was performed at weekly intervals and the animals were sacrificed after the last evaluation at day 21 for collection of the gastrocnemius muscles, which were submitted to analysis of resistance, and the tibialis anterior, for evaluation of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).

Correlation between ultrasound velocity and densitometry in fresh and demineralized cortical bone.

Objective:: To compare ultrasound propagation velocity with densitometry in the diaphyseal compact cortical bone of whole sheep metatarsals.

Methods:: The transverse ultrasound velocity and bone mineral density of 5-cm-long diaphyseal bone segments were first measured. The bone segments were then divided into four groups of 15 segments each and demineralized in an aqueous 0.

In vivo standardization of bone ultrasonometry of the clavicle.

Objective: The assessment of fracture union includes physical examination and radiographic imaging, which depend on the examiner's experience. The development of ancillary methods may avoid prolonged treatments and the improper removal of implants. Quantitative bone ultrasonometry has been studied for this purpose and will soon be included in clinical practice.

Functional outcomes of proximal row carpectomy: 2-year follow-up.

Objective: : To evaluate functional outcomes of patients submit-ted to proximal row carpectomy for the treatment of wrist arthri-tis.

Methods: : This is a retrospective study using wrist motion and grip strenght of patients diagnosed with Kienböck disease and scaphoid non-union surgically treated by this technique.

Results: : Eleven patients with 2-year follow-up were evaluated.

Radial nerve injury associated with humeral shaft fracture: a retrospective study.

Objective: To determine the profile of patients with humeral diaphyseal fractures in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: We conducted a survey from January 2010 to July 2012, including data from patients classified under humeral diaphyseal fracture (S42.3) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Influence of the osteosynthesis plate on ultrasound propagation in the bone.

Objective: To analyze the influence of steel plates for osteosynthesis on the velocity of ultrasound propagation (VU) through the bone.

Methods: The transverse coronal and sagittal velocity of ultrasound propagation underwater were measured on the intact bone and then on assemblies of the same bone with two types of osteosynthesis plates (DCP and semi tubular), fixed onto the dorsal side of the bones. The first arriving signal (FAS) was the ultrasound parameter used, taking the coronal and sagittal diameters as the distances to calculate velocity.

A comparative in vivo ultrasonometric evaluation of normal and delayed fracture healing in sheep tibiae.

Objective: To compare normal and delayed bone healing by measuring ultrasound conduction velocity across the bone callus.

Methods: A model of transverse linear and 5 mm resection osteotomies of sheep tibiae was used. Fourteen sheep were operated on and were divided into two groups of seven according to osteotomy type.

Congenital syndactyly: case by case analysis of 47 patients.

Objective: To assess and report clinical data from patients with syndactyly.

Methods: A retrospective review of 47 patients treated between April 2002 and April 2012.

Results: Among the 47 analyzed patients, 33 (70%) were male and 14 (30%) female.

Effects of laser therapy in peripheral nerve regeneration.

Objective: The influence of dose of low power lasertherapy (AsGaAl, 830 nm) on the regeneration of the fibular nerve of rats after a crush injury was evaluated by means of the functional gait analysis and histomorphometric parameters.

Methods: Controlled crush injury of the right common fibular nerve, immediately followed by increasing doses (G1: no irradiation; G2: simulated; G3: 5 J/cm(2); G4: 10 J/cm(2); G5: 20 J/cm(2)) laser irradiation directly on the lesion site for 21 consecutive days. Functional gait analysis was carried out at weekly intervals by measuring the peroneal/fibular functional index (PFI).

Lack of effectiveness of laser therapy applied to the nerve course and the correspondent medullary roots.

Objective: To investigate the influence of low intensity laser irradiation on the regeneration of the fibular nerve of rats after crush injury.

Methods: Twenty-five rats were used, divided into three groups: 1) intact nerve, no treatment; 2) crushed nerve, no treatment; 3) crush injury, laser irradiation applied on the medullary region corresponding to the roots of the sciatic nerve and subsequently on the course of the damaged nerve. Laser irradiation was carried out for 14 consecutive days.

Platelet-rich plasma gel promotes regeneration of articular cartilage in knees of sheeps.

Objective: To assess the regeneration of osteochondral defects in the joint cartilage of the knee induced by autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Methods: Osteochondral defects produced in the trochlear groove of both knees of ten sheep; defects of the right knees were filled with autologous PRP and the left knees were left unfilled. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation was carried out 12 week later.

Ultrasonometry evaluation of axial compression osteosinthesis. An experimental study.

Objective: To measure the ultrasound propagation velocity (UV) through a tibial transverse osteotomy in sheep, before and after the fixation with a DCP plate.

Material And Methods: Ten assemblies of a DCP plate with the diaphyseal segment of tibiae, in which a transverse osteotomy was made, were used. Both coronal and sagittal transverse and the axial UV were measured, first with the intact bone assembled with the plate and then with the uncompressed and compressed osteotomy; statistical comparisons were made at the 1% (p<0.

Biomechanics of four techniques for fixation of the four-part humeral head fracture.

Objective: To carry out a biomechanical study of four techniques for fixation of four-part humeral head fractures.

Methods: The fracture was reproduced in 40 plastic humeri, divided into groups of ten according to the fixation technique, each one employing different fixation resources, in different configurations. The humeral models were mounted on an aluminum scapula, with leather straps simulating the rotator cuff tendons, and submitted to bending and torsion tests in a universal testing machine, using relative stiffness as an evaluation parameter.

Auditory stimuli from a sensor glove model modulate cortical audiotactile integration.

The purpose of this study was to shed light on cortical audiotactile integration and sensory substitution mechanisms, thought to serve as a basis for the use of a sensor glove in the preservation of the cortical map of the hand after peripheral nerve injuries. Fourteen subjects were selected and randomly assigned either to a training group, trained to replace touch for hearing with the use of a sensor glove, or to a control group, untrained. Training group volunteers had to identify textures just by the sound.

Anterior shoulder instability: correlation between magnetic resonance arthrography, ultrasound arthrography and intraoperative findings.

The purpose of the present study was to determine ultrasound (US) arthrography diagnostic accuracy in patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation by comparing US arthrography and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) with intraoperative findings. Fifty-six consecutive patients with diagnosis of chronic anterior instability of the shoulder were evaluated for assessment of bone and soft tissue lesions by three radiologists. Twenty-five cases were confirmed by surgery.

Influence of cortical bone thickness on the ultrasound velocity.

Objective: An experimental in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the influence of cortical bone thickness on ultrasound propagation velocity.

Methods: Sixty bone plates were used, made from bovine femurs, with thickness ranging from 1 to 6 mm (10 of each). The ultrasound velocity measurements were performed using a device specially designed for this purpose, in an underwater acoustic tank and with direct contact using contact gel.

Analysis of the reliability and reproducibility of goniometry compared to hand photogrammetry.

Objective: To evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability and reproducibility of goniometry in relation to photogrammetry of hand, comparing the angles of thumb abduction, PIP joint flexion of the II finger and MCP joint flexion of the V finger.

Methods: The study included 30 volunteers, who were divided into three groups: one group of 10 physiotherapy students, one group of 10 physiotherapists, and a third group of 10 therapists of the hand. Each examiner performed the measurements on the same hand mold, using the goniometer followed by two photogrammetry software programs; CorelDraw(®) and ALCimagem(®).

A comparative analysis between ultrasonometry and computer-aided tomography to evaluate bone healing.

An ultrasonometric and computed-tomographic study of bone healing was undertaken using a model of a transverse mid-shaft osteotomy of sheep tibiae fixed with a semi-flexible external fixator. Fourteen sheep were operated and divided into two groups of seven according to osteotomy type, either regular or by segmental resection. The animals were killed on the 90th postoperative day and the tibiae resected for the in vitro direct contact transverse and axial measurement of ultrasound propagation velocity (UV) followed by quantitative computer-aided tomography (callus density and volume) through the osteotomy site.