Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 17β-estradiol on Benzo(e)pyrene [B(e)P]-induced toxicity in ARPE-19 cells.
Methods: We pretreated ARPE-19 cells with 20 nM and 40 nM 17β-estradiol for 6 hours, followed by addition of 300 μM B(e)P for additional 24 hours. Cell viability was measured using Trypan blue dye-exclusion assay.
Background: To report the long-term results of proximal and distal VA open repairs.
Methods: From January 2002 to December 2009, 74 cases of VA open repair were performed (73 patients, 41 men; mean age, 66.5 ± 15.