The effect of flunixin meglumine on the premature regression of corpus luteum, recovery rate, and embryo production in superovulated Dorper ewes.

This study evaluated the use of flunixin meglumine to prevent the occurrence of premature corpus luteum (CL) regression in superovulated ewes, improving embryo recovery and viability. Ewes (n=23) submitted to conventional superovulatory protocol and laparoscopic artificial insemination were treated with 2.2 mg/kg/day of flunixin meglumine (FLU, n=12) or 1.

Additional effects using progestins in mares on levels of thyroid hormones and steroids in neonates.

The risk of pregnancy loss in mares leads to the use of exogenous hormones to help pregnancy maintenance. The objective was to evaluate the proportion of thyroid hormones and steroids in neonates, in the following postpartum period, born to mares fed with synthetic progesterone and to verify the existence of a correlation between the level of progesterone between mother and neonate. Twenty-seven mares and their foals were used.

Validation of enzyme immunoassays for quantifying sex steroid hormones in tropical screech owls (Megascops choliba).

Androgens and estrogens are steroid hormones that regulate reproductive processes in both males and females. Monitoring plasma levels of these steroids or their metabolites present in feces, offers diagnostic support for assessing the reproductive status of animals. Immunoassays are commonly used methods for quantifying these hormones, but their protocols require species-specific validation to ensure reliability.

Quantitative proteomic profile analysis of thyroid dysfunction effects on seminal vesicles and repercussions on male fertility.

Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are associated with male reproductive disorders, but little is known about the influence of the thyroid hormone milieu on seminal vesicle (SV) function and metabolism. In this sense, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis induced in adulthood Wistar male rats on SV function and identified new thyroid hormone targets on male reproduction regulation using novel proteomic approaches. Hypothyroidism reduces SV size and seminal fluid volume, which are directly associated with low testosterone and estradiol levels, while thyrotoxicosis increases Esr2 and Dio1 expression in the SV.

Glucocorticoid metabolites in an nocturnal bird, the tropical screech owl : effects of sex, activity period and inter-individual variation.

Glucocorticoids mediate physiological processes to obtain energy, presenting daily variation in basal levels that may be related to behavioural activity pattern. Identification of plasticity in the secretion of these hormones is essential to understand their effects on physiology and behaviour of wild birds and, therefore, their success in their natural or artificial environment. Serial endocrine evaluations are facilitated by implementing non-invasive methodologies that minimize possible effects of manipulation on the animal's physiological variables.

Altrenogest during early pregnancy modulates uterine glandular epithelium and endometrial growth factor expression at the time implantation in pigs.

This study evaluated the effects of supplying altrenogest from day 6-12 of pregnancy on the endometrial glandular epithelium, corpora lutea (CL) morphology, and endometrial and CL gene expression. A total of 12 crossbred females (Landrace × Large White) were used. The females were assigned to 4 treatments according to a random design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two categories (sow or gilt) and two treatments (non-treated and treated with altrenogest).

Puberty and oestral cycle length in captive female jaguars .

Habitat loss and fragmentation have been leading jaguars to constant conflicts with humans, and as a result, jaguar populations have been declining over the last decades. Captive breeding is often a tool for species conservation, and it is not different for jaguars. However, success is far from optimal due to the lack of basic knowledge about species' reproductive biology.

First assessment of hoary fox () seasonal ovarian cyclicity by non-invasive hormonal monitoring technique.

Reproduction is key to species survival, and reproductive physiology represents a high priority investigative area for conservation biology, as it provides a basic understanding of critical life-history traits, information that is helpful for the establishment of management strategies. Here, we generated knowledge about the reproductive endocrinology of the hoary fox (), a small canid (2.5-4 kg) endemic to open areas of the Brazilian Cerrado and listed in the Brazilian National List of Endangered species.

Imbalanced testicular metabolism induced by thyroid disorders: New evidences from quantitative proteome.

Thyroid dysfunctions, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are the second most prevalent endocrinopathies and are associated to reproductive disorders in men. Several genes are differentially modulated by thyroid hormones in testes and imbalances in thyroid hormone levels are also associated to alterations on sperm functionality. Imbalances on antioxidant defense mechanism and stress oxidative have been pointed out as the main factors for the impairments on male reproductive function.

Seasonal variations in serum concentrations of testosterone, testicular volume and neck circumference of fallow deer (Dama dama) kept ex situ in a tropical region.

The fallow deer (Dama dama) is a species of Cervidae commonly kept in captivity, either in commercial farms or in zoos. The reproductive seasonality of this species is well known in the northern hemisphere, where photoperiod is a decisive factor in androgenic activity and, consequently, in the development of secondary sexual characteristics among male adults. The maintenance of this species in tropical regions has been successful, but there are no studies that demonstrate the maintenance of reproductive seasonality under these climatic conditions, which was the objective of the present study.

Delayed onset of puberty in male offspring from bisphenol A-treated dams is followed by the modulation of gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis in adulthood.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemical of high prevalence in the environment, which may affect the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to BPA during hypothalamic sexual differentiation at doses below the reproductive no observable adverse effect level of the World Health Organization causes changes in the regulation of the HPT axis. For this, 0.

Treatment of De Garengeot's hernia using De Oliveira's technic: A case report and review of literature.

Introduction: The French surgeon Rene Jacques Croissant de Garengeot first described the finding of the Appendix inside a femoral hernia sac in 1731. The De Garengeot's hernia is a rare entity, comprehending only 0.5-5% of the femoral hernias.

New insights for male infertility revealed by alterations in spermatic function and differential testicular expression of thyroid-related genes.

The impact of thyroid hormone (TH) disorders on male reproductive biology has been a controversial issue for many years. Recently, we reported that hypothyroid male rats have a disruption of the seminiferous epithelium, which may compromise spermatogenesis. To improve the understanding of the reproductive pathogenesis of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, male Wistar rats that developed these dysfunctions in adulthood were used as an experimental model.

The use of altrenogest to avoid hyperestrogenism after eCG-hCG ovulation induction in southern tigrina (Leopardus guttulus).

The goal of this study was to optimize an ovulation induction protocol for use with artificial insemination in the southern tigrina (Leopardus guttulus). The specific aims were to report the efficacy of using altrenogest, an oral progestin (Regumate, MSD Animal Health, Merck Animal Health), to suppress ovarian activity and prevent follicular hyperstimulation and hyperestrogenism after the administration of exogenous eCG and hCG. To monitor ovarian responses, fecal estrogen and progestogen metabolites were quantified by enzyme immunoassay in females before and after intramuscular administration of 200-IU eCG and 150-IU hCG in two trials, 4 months apart.

Effect of a new device for sustained progesterone release on the progesterone concentration, ovarian follicular diameter, time of ovulation and pregnancy rate of ewes.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new progesterone intravaginal device (DPR) in ewes through four experiments: Experiment 1 compared the circulating progesterone concentration of ovariectomized ewes that received either a new or a re-used DPR. Experiment 2 compared the progesterone concentration between DPR-estrous-synchronized ewes and naturally estrous-cycling ewes. Experiment 3 evaluated the effect of new and re-used DPRs on ovarian follicular dynamics and time of ovulation of estrous cycling ewes.

First attempt to monitor luteinizing hormone and reproductive steroids in urine samples of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).

The aims of this study were to validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine samples of Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia) and to monitor urinary LH and reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in this species. Urine samples were collected from two captive males following a hormonal challenge with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue. The urinary LH results from hormonal challenge were compared with urinary androgens for the purpose of EIA validation.

Seasonal variation in urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels in Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis).

The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels of captive Amazonian manatees collected during two seasons of the year. Salivary samples from four males and urinary and salivary samples from three females were collected during two seasons (March-June and September-November) over two consecutive years.

Effects of prepubertal exposure to silver nanoparticles on reproductive parameters in adult male Wistar rats.

The incidence of male reproductive pathologies, such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, testicular cancer, and low sperm production in adulthood, is increasing and may be related to exposure to environmental contaminants. The silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are a new class of chemical compounds commonly used in both medical and nonmedical settings, and they affect development of spermatogonial stem cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to examine the adverse productive toxic effects of AgNPs in male Wistar rats exposed during the prepubertal period and sacrificed at postnatal day (PND) 53 and PND90.

Endocrine monitoring of the ovarian cycle in captive female Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis).

The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia), a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin, is the only sirenian that lives exclusively in fresh water. Information about the reproductive endocrinology of the Amazonian manatee is scarce; therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor salivary progesterone and estradiol patterns during the ovarian cycle in T. inunguis.

Hypothyroidism in adult male rats alters posttranscriptional mechanisms of luteinizing hormone biosynthesis.

Background: Studies in men are not consistent regarding the effects of thyroid hormone on the production of gonadotropins. In hypothyroidism consequent to diverse causes, an increase or no change in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) have been reported. The attempt to explain the mechanisms involved in this pathology using rats as an experimental model also seems to repeat this divergence, since hypothyroidism has been shown to induce hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a hypergonadotropic state, or not to affect the basal levels of LH.

Herbicide metolachlor causes changes in reproductive endocrinology of male wistar rats.

S-metolachlor is a chloroacetanilide herbicide widely used in the agriculture to control weeds and was demonstrated that it increases the activity of the aromatase enzyme in cell cultures, which may culminate as endocrine disruption action in vivo. To investigate this hypothesis, prepubertal Wistar male rats were exposed to metolachlor (5 or 50 mg/kg/day, NOEL for reproductive toxicity: 23.5-26.

Glyphosate impairs male offspring reproductive development by disrupting gonadotropin expression.

Sexual differentiation in the brain takes place from late gestation to the early postnatal days. This is dependent on the conversion of circulating testosterone into estradiol by the enzyme aromatase. The glyphosate was shown to alter aromatase activity and decrease serum testosterone concentrations.

Insulin affects tissue organization and the kinetics of epithelial cell death in the rat ventral prostate after castration.

Prostate growth and physiology are regulated by steroid hormones and modulated by multiple endocrine factors. We investigated the action of insulin on the tissue organization and kinetics of epithelial cells in the rat ventral prostate (VP) in response to castration up to 120 hours after surgery by using an acute protocol of alloxan-induced diabetes. Diabetes caused a reduction in volume density (V(v%)) and volume of the epithelium.

Noninvasive monitoring of androgens in male Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis): biologic validation.

The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is endemic in the Amazonian basin and is the only exclusively fresh water sirenian. Historically hunted on a large scale, this species is now considered endangered, and studies on the reproductive physiology are critical for the improvement of reproductive management of captive and wild populations of manatees. The aim of this study was to verify the viability of androgen measurement in saliva, lacrimal, urine, and fecal samples of the Amazonian manatee by conducting a hormone challenge.

Phytochemical study of Solanum lycocarpum (St. Hil) unripe fruit and its effects on rat gestation.

Solanum lycocarpum, St. Hil (Solanaceae) is a common native shrub in the Brazilian cerrado. The fruits are used in folk medicine as a hypoglycaemic agent in the management of diabetes, obesity and to decrease cholesterol levels.