Punicalagin increases glutamate absorption in differentiated Caco-2 cells by a mechanism involving gene expression regulation of an EAAT3 transporter.

This study investigates, for the first time, the ability of punicalagin to modulate intestinal glutamate uptake by upregulation of the expression of one of its transporters present on the enterocyte membrane. The use of an Ussing chamber revealed an increase in glutamate transport in differentiated Caco-2 cells after punicalagin treatment for 24 h. This cell line constitutively expresses two glutamate transporters: EAAT1 and EAAT3.

An improved DNA method to unambiguously detect small hive beetle Aethina tumida, an invasive pest of honeybee colonies.

The scavenger and invasive species Aethina tumida threatening the honey bee has been recently introduced in Europe. We present a new, reliable and rapid multiplex real-time PCR for efficient diagnostics enabling surveillance programs. © 2018 The Authors.