Diet quality in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: time for improving nutritional recommendations.

Background: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a severe psychiatric disorder that is associated with a high level of psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficit as well as poor functioning, and an increased risk of mortality for cardiometabolic diseases. Some studies suggest that lifestyle, particularly diet, could represent a risk factor for obesity and its metabolic complications in these patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate diet quality and eating habits in individuals with TRS.

"Planeterranean" diet: the new proposal for the Mediterranean-based food pyramid for Asia.

Background And Objectives: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been recognized for its benefits for human health and sustainability for the planet, but it has considered not easy to reproduce in other populations. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development is fostering a research project (Planeterranea), aiming to identify a healthy dietary pattern based on local foods with the same MD features. The aim of our study is to develop a MD-based food pyramid for Asian populations.

Metabolic Syndrome in people treated with Antipsychotics (RISKMet): A multimethod study protocol investigating genetic, behavioural, and environmental risk factors.

Introduction: The RISKMet project aims to: (1) identify risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) by comparing patients with and without MetS; (2) characterise patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) about MetS diagnosis; (3) study behavioural patterns, including physical activity (PA) and dietary habits, in patients and healthy individuals using a prospective cohort design.

Method: The RISKMet project investigates MetS in individuals treated with SGAs, focusing on both adult and paediatric populations. The study utilizes a case-control design to examine potential risk factors for MetS, categorizing participants as MetS+ considered as "Cases" and MetS- considered as "Controls" matched by sex and age.

Nutritional interventions in prison settings: a scoping review.

Background: Mounting evidence has shown that incarceration can affect the health and well-being of individuals and increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Diet quality is known to be one of the main determinants of risk of NCDs, and dietary changes are the first approach used in primary care to reduce the incidence of NCDs.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to summarize the evidence for (1) the diet quality of inmates, and (2) the effect of nutritional intervention in prison systems.

Iron Levels and Markers of Inflammation in a Population of Adults with Severe Obesity, a Cross-Sectional Study.

Low-grade chronic inflammation linked to obesity can lead to alterations in biomarkers of iron status. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary determinant of serum iron levels among anthropometric measurements, body fat, and serum biomarkers of low-grade chronic inflammation in a group of adult individuals with severe obesity. We enrolled 114 individuals (84 females; 30 males) aged 40.

The Mediterranean Diet: Effects on Insulin Resistance and Secretion in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity.

High adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, it is less clear whether the different MD food items might influence specific biological functions related to glucose tolerance, i.e.

Diet-Related Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Italian Prisoners: B.A.C.I. (Benessere All'interno delle Carceri Italiane, Well-Being Inside the Italian Prisons) Project by the Italian Society of Penitentiary Medicine and Public Health (S.I.M.S.Pe. Società Italiana di Medicina e Sanità Penitenziaria).

Purpose Of Review: The review aims to present an overview of inmate health, focusing on lifestyle-related diseases, physical activity levels, and nutritional status. It also presents the B.A.

Comprehensive Approach to Medical Nutrition Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Diet to Bioactive Compounds.

In the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diet plays a key role. Individualized medical nutritional therapy, as part of lifestyle optimization, is one of the cornerstones for the management of T2DM and has been shown to improve metabolic outcomes. This paper discusses major aspects of the nutritional intervention (including macro- and micronutrients, nutraceuticals, and supplements), with key practical advice.

Type 2 Diabetes: Also a "Clock Matter"?

Background: We investigated whether chronotype is associated with glycemic control, antidiabetic treatment, and risk of developing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: The diabetologists filled out an online questionnaire on the Google Form platform to collect the following parameters of subjects with T2DM: body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes history, antidiabetic treatment, diabetic complications, and chronotype categories.

Results: We enrolled 106 subjects with T2DM (M/F: 58/48; age: 63.

High Amylose Wheat Bread at Breakfast Increases Plasma Propionate Concentrations and Reduces the Postprandial Insulin Response to the Following Meal in Overweight Adults.

Background: High amylose starchy foods modulate the postprandial metabolic response in humans. However, the mechanisms of their metabolic benefits and their impact on the subsequent meal have not been fully elucidated.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether glucose and insulin responses to a standard lunch are influenced by the consumption of amylose-rich bread at breakfast in overweight adults and whether changes in plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations contribute to their metabolic effects.

Critical evaluation of the questionnaires assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet that are based on servings.

Background And Aims: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts, and olive oil, and moderate fish, dairy, and wine intake. A high adherence to MD has been associated with numerous health benefits, including reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. The clinical assessment of MD adherence is complicated by the absence of a univocally accepted tool and by the abundance of questionnaires developed to determine adherence, whose reliability and validity is uncertain.

Supplementation with medium-chain fatty acids increases body weight loss during very low-calorie ketogenic diet: a retrospective analysis in a real-life setting.

Background: Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has shown to significantly reduce body weight and fat mass, as well as inflammation. These effects are supported by nutritional ketosis, which triggers the utilization of the ketone body as an energy source. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCTs) might serve as potential enhancers of ketone bodies production with a greater effect on weight loss.

Evening chronotype is associated with hormonal and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Despite current treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a considerable number of women with this syndrome do not reach the treatment goal, suggesting the presence of other probable misdiagnosed features of this syndrome that are not taken into account in the assessment and therefore in the therapeutical approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of chronotype categories in women with PCOS and their role in determining hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS. This observational case-control study was conducted on 112 women with PCOS and 112 healthy women matched for age and body mass index (BMI).

Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Comprehensive Review on Nutritional Approaches.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with increasing incidence, high prevalence, and survival worldwide. About 90% of cases are well differentiated forms, the so-called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), with slow proliferation rates and prolonged survival but frequent development of liver metastases and endocrine syndromes. Both the tumor itself and systemic therapy may have an impact on patient nutrition.

Prader-Willi Syndrome in Adults: An Update On Nutritional Treatment and Pharmacological Approach.

Purpose Of Review: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare and complex genetic disorder with multiple effects on the metabolic, endocrine, and neurological systems, as well as behavioral and intellectual difficulties. Despite advances in understanding the genetic basis of obesity in PWS, there are conflicting data on its management. Therefore, the present manuscript aims to provide an update on the nutritional treatment and pharmacological approach in adult patients with PWS.

Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Obesity: How Do They Change After Menopause?

Purpose Of Review: This review primarily provides an overview of the current evidence on chronotype (which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-h period) and sleep quality changes in obesity in postmenopausal women. It also explores possible nutritional strategies to manage these changes in this phase of a woman's life.

Recent Findings: Menopause is a life stage frequently associated with sleep disturbances and changes in circadian rhythms.

The human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism: a scoping review of key bacteria and the potential role of SCFAs.

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in human nutrition and metabolism and may have direct implications for type 2 diabetes and associated preconditions. An improved understanding of relations between human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism could lead to novel opportunities for type 2 diabetes prevention, but human observational studies reporting on such findings have not been extensively reviewed. Here, we review the literature on associations between gut microbiota and markers and stages of glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance in healthy adults and in adults with metabolic disease and risk factors.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer: Results From a Pilot Study.

Iodine deficiency is the most important established nutritional risk factor for the development of thyroid nodular disease. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, to date no study focused on the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and thyroid nodular disease. Adherence to the MD was evaluated using the PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea (PREDIMED) questionnaire.

The Impact of Thyroid Diseases on Patients' Work Functioning: A Pilot Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of thyroid diseases (TDs) on patients' work ability (WA) and related influencing factors.

Methods: A total of 150 TD workers and matched healthy controls were enrolled from May 2020 to November 2021. The Work Ability Index was used to assess the workers' perception of WA.

The "identikit" of subject with obesity and COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough.

The mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were highly effective in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalization, severe disease, and death. However, a minority of vaccinated individuals might become infected and experience significant morbidity. Risk factors of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough in obesity have not been elucidated.

Evening chronotype is associated with severe NAFLD in obesity.

Background/objectives: Chronotype, i.e., the individual attitude to carry out the daily activities at a certain time of the day, has been reported to play a role in metabolic diseases.

From Gut Microbiota through Low-Grade Inflammation to Obesity: Key Players and Potential Targets.

During the last decades, the gut microbiota has gained much interest in relation to human health. Mounting evidence has shown a strict association between gut microbiota and obesity and its related diseases. Inflammation has been appointed as the driving force behind this association.