Water intake in athletes: Agreement between food records and isotope-dilution methods.

Background: Although water intake (WI) is commonly estimated through self-reporting, its inaccuracy is reported. Water turnover (rHO)-derived WI is the reference method; however, it is costly. The study aimed to validate alternative methods for determining WI in a group of athletes.

Interindividual variability in energy intake and expenditure during a weight loss intervention.

Introduction: Behavioral compensations may occur as a response to a negative energy balance. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between changes in energy intake (EI) and changes in physical activity (PA, min/day; kcal/d) as a response to a weight loss (WL) intervention and to understand if interindividual differences occur in EI and energy expenditure (EE).

Methods: Eighty-one participants [mean (SD): age = 42.

The impact of body composition on the degree of misreporting of food diaries.

Background/objectives: Accurate assessments of energy intake (EI) are needed in lifestyle interventions to guarantee a negative energy balance (EB), thereby losing weight. This study aimed (1) to compare objectively measured and self-reported EI and (2) to determine the predictors of underreporting divided by sex, adiposity and BMI category.

Methods: Seventy-three participants [mean (SD): 43.

Effect of Time-Restricted Eating and Resistance Training on High-Speed Strength and Body Composition.

This study examined the effects of four weeks of resistance training combined with time-restricted eating (TRE) vs. habitual diet on fat and fat-free mass as well as maximum and explosive force production in healthy, trained participants (18 males, aged 23.7 ± 2.

Interindividual variability in metabolic adaptation of non-exercise activity thermogenesis after a 1-year weight loss intervention in former elite athletes.

Lack of efficacy of weight loss(WL) interventions is attributed in-part to low adherence to dietary/physical activity(PA) recommendations. However, some compensation may occur in PA as a response to energy restriction such as a decrease in non-exercise PA(NEPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis(NEAT). The current study aim was (1) to investigate whether adaptive thermogenesis(AT) in NEAT occurs after WL, and (2) to understand the associations of these compensations with WL.

Effect of a 16-week multi-level classroom standing desk intervention on cognitive performance and academic achievement in adolescents.

The replacement of traditional classroom desks for active-permissive desks has been tested to reduce sitting time during classes. However, their impact on other domains is still unclear. We aimed to verify the potential effects of a classroom standing desk intervention on cognitive function and academic achievement in 6th-grade students.

Energy Availability Over One Athletic Season: An Observational Study Among Athletes From Different Sports.

During the athletic season, changes in body composition occur due to fluctuations in energy expenditure and energy intake. Literature regarding changes of energy availability (EA) is still scarce. The aim was to estimate EA of athletes from nonweight and weight-sensitive sports during the athletic season (i.

Effects of a 4-month active weight loss phase followed by weight loss maintenance on adaptive thermogenesis in resting energy expenditure in former elite athletes.

Purpose: Despite adaptive thermogenesis (AT) being studied as a barrier to weight loss (WL), few studies assessed AT in the resting energy expenditure (REE) compartment after WL maintenance. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to understand if AT occurs after a moderate WL and if AT persists after a period of WL maintenance; and (2) if AT is associated with changes in body composition, hormones and energy intake (EI).

Methods: Ninety-four participants [mean (SD); BMI, 31.

Adaptive thermogenesis after moderate weight loss: magnitude and methodological issues.

Purpose: The aim of this study was (1) to assess AT through 13 different mathematical approaches and to compare their results; and (2) to understand if AT occurs after moderate WL.

Methods: Ninety-four participants [mean (SD); BMI, 31.1 (4.

Body Size, Fatness and Skeletal Age in Female Youth Soccer Players.

Growth and maturation are central concerns in the organization of training and competitions in youth sports. This study examined maturity-associated variation in body size and adiposity among adolescent girls participating in competitive age group youth soccer. The sample included 441 players 10.

Effectiveness of a lifestyle weight-loss intervention targeting inactive former elite athletes: the Champ4Life randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Many athletes struggle in managing the end of their career, often gaining weight and adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Lifestyle programmes targeting former athletes who have gained substantial fat mass (FM) postsports career are lacking. We studied the effects of the Champ4Life programme on body composition and other health-related outcomes in former elite athletes with overweight or obesity.

Validity of water compartments estimated using bioimpedance spectroscopy in athletes differing in hydration status.

We aimed to validate bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS), compared with tracer dilution measurements, for assessing total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) in athletes differing in hydration status. A total of 201 athletes participated. Reference TBW and ECW were determined by deuterium and bromide dilution methods, respectively; ICW was calculated as TBW-ECW.

Publisher Correction: Neck circumference is associated with adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle in overweight and obese premenopausal women.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Neck circumference is associated with adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle in overweight and obese premenopausal women.

Neck circumference (NC) has been proposed as a simple and practical tool, independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the association of NC with inter-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is still to be determined. We aimed to examine the association of NC with thigh IMAT, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured with computed tomography (CT) in overweight/obese women.

The Predictive Role of Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters in Water Compartments and Fluid Distribution Assessed by Dilution Techniques in Athletes.

The aims of this study were to analyze the usefulness of raw bioelectrical impedance (BI) parameters in assessing water compartments and fluid distribution in athletes. A total of 202 men and 71 female athletes were analyzed. Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined by dilution techniques, while intracellular water (ICW) was calculated.

Champ4life Study Protocol: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Inactive Former Elite Athletes with Overweight/Obesity.

Preventive and educational programs directed to former elite athletes in the areas of healthy living are required. This is particularly relevant as obesity and health-related problems are observed in retired athletes, especially in those whose current levels of physical activity are below the recommendations. During their sports career, elite athletes are supported by a multidisciplinary team; upon retirement, no support is provided for the transition to a different lifestyle.

Are predictive equations a valid method of assessing the resting metabolic rate of overweight or obese former athletes?

Athletes retiring from their sports career, an understudied population, are susceptible to become overweight/obese because of decreased energy expenditure not followed by a reduction in energy intake. Therefore, their energy requirements, through resting metabolic rate (RMR), should be accurately addressed for weight management purposes. This study aimed to determine the validity of predictive equations (PEq) for RMR estimation using indirect calorimetry as the reference method in a sample of overweight/obese former athletes.

Usefulness of raw bioelectrical impedance parameters in tracking fluid shifts in judo athletes.

Bioelectrical impedance (BI) has been widely used but clarification about the behaviour of raw BI measurements under specific athletic conditions is required. Thus, we determined the usefulness of raw BI measures in tracking body fluids changes during the preparation period prior to competition in elite Judo athletes. At baseline (weight stability), 27 male athletes were evaluated (23.

Agreement Between GT3X Accelerometer and ActivPAL Inclinometer for Estimating and Detecting Changes in Different Contexts of Sedentary Time Among Adolescents.

Background: This investigation aimed to analyze the agreement between the GT3X accelerometer and the ActivPAL inclinometer for estimating and detecting changes in sedentary behavior of different contexts among adolescents.

Methods: Secondary data from an intervention using standing desks in the classroom conducted within 2 sixth-grade classes (intervention [n = 22] and control [n = 27]) were used. The intervention took place over 16 weeks, with activity assessments (ActivPAL and GT3X) being performed 7 days before and in the last week of the intervention.

Characterization and Comparison of Nutritional Intake between Preparatory and Competitive Phase of Highly Trained Athletes.

For a high level athlete, it is essential to ensure optimal energy as well as macro- and micro-nutrient and fluid intakes, in order to improve their performance during training and competition. Protein intake should be 1.2⁻2.

Fitness Mediates Activity and Sedentary Patterns Associations with Adiposity in Youth.

Purpose: We aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of patterns of sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with total fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal FMI (FMIabd) in children, and additionally, to analyze if cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mediated these associations.

Methods: Fat mass index and FMIabd were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 333 participants (172 girls) age 9 to 11 yr. MVPA, ST, breaks in ST per sedentary hour (BST/ST) and the number of daily sedentary bouts with various lengths (1-4, 5-9, 10-14, and ≥15 min) were assessed with accelerometry and CRF using a maximal cycle test.

Usefulness of Reflection Scanning in Determining Whole-Body Composition in Broadly Built Individuals Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry.

Whole-body composition analysis by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) requires subjects to fit within the width limits of the DXA bed. To overcome this limitation, the aim of this study was to validate a partial scanning technique at which the upper left limb is deliberately left unscanned and measurements are "reflected" from the right-side upper limb. A Hologic Explorer-W densitometer was used in a sample of 189 participants, including athletes and nonathletes, ranging from underweight to obese (body mass index: 17.

Impact of a classroom standing desk intervention on daily objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in youth.

Objectives: We investigated the impact of a standing desk intervention on daily objectively monitored sedentary behavior and physical activity in 6th grade school students.

Design: Cluster non-randomised controlled trial.

Method: Two classes (intervention students: n=22 [aged 11.

A cross-sectional and prospective analyse of reallocating sedentary time to physical activity on children's cardiorespiratory fitness.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with health benefits in children, improving cardiac morphology, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and biological outcomes. This study aimed to examine the substitution effects of displaying a fixed duration of sedentary time with a fixed duration of physical activity (PA) at different intensities on children's CRF. A total of 315 children (136 boys) were assessed (age: 10.

Do Dynamic Fat and Fat-Free Mass Changes follow Theoretical Driven Rules in Athletes?

Introduction: Maximizing fat mass (FM) loss while preserving or increasing fat-free mass (FFM) is a central goal for athletic performance but the composition of body weight (BW) changes over time with training are largely unknown.

Purpose: We aimed to analyze FM and FFM contributions to BW changes and to test if these contributions follow established rules and predictions over one athletic season.

Methods: Seventy athletes (42 men; handball, volleyball, basketball, triathlon, and swimming) were evaluated from the beginning to the competitive stage of the season and were empirically divided into those who lost (n = 20) or gained >1.