Gabapentin in Improvement of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Oncologic Pediatric Patients: A Clinical Trial.

Background: Preoperative anxiety and distress can produce significant psychological impacts on children undergoing oncologic care or investigation. Adjuvant therapy is used for pain management in children; however, pre-analgesia options are restricted because they can cause undesirable outcomes.

Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the use of gabapentin in procedural sedation as adjuvant therapy in children undergoing oncologic treatment.

The Effect of Gabapentin on Postoperative Pain of Orthopedic Surgery of Lower Limb by Sciatic and Femoral Blockage in Children: A Clinical Trial.

Background: There are meta-analyzes in adults demonstrating the benefits of using gabapentin to improve postoperative pain in orthopedic surgeries. In pediatrics, it has never been studied.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of gabapentin 10 mg/kg, orally, in postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic stability and its pre/postoperative anxiolytic effect in children subjected to unilateral inferior limb surgery.

A Clinical Experimental Model to Evaluate Analgesic Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Acute Postoperative Pain.

This study aims to evaluate the viability of a clinical model of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) and its analgesic effects. It is a prospective study with twenty (20) patients randomly divided into two groups: control group and RIPC group. The opioid analgesics consumption in the postoperative period, the presence of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia, the scores of postoperative pain by visual analog scale, and the plasma levels interleukins (IL-6) were evaluated.

[Implementation of a residency program in anesthesiology in the Northeast of Brazil: impact on work processes and professional motivation].

Background And Objectives: Understand, through the theory of social representations, the influence exerted by the establishment a residency program in anesthesiology on anesthetic care and professional motivation in a tertiary teaching hospital in the Northeast of Brazil.

Method: Qualitative methodology. The theoretical framework comprised the phenomenology and the Social Representation Theory.

Assessing patient satisfaction with cataract surgery under topical anesthesia supplemented by intracameral lidocaine combined with sedation.

Purpose: Ocular akinesia, the use of anticoagulants, and patient collaboration are some of the factors that must be taken into consideration when choosing the appropriate anesthesia for phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The satisfaction of patients with the use of topical anesthesia and conscious sedation for this procedure has not been enough described in Brazil. Conscious sedation allows patient walk and answer a voice command.

Fatal recrudescence of malignant hyperthermia in an infant with Moebius syndrome.

Background And Objectives: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic skeletal muscle disorder characterized by a hypermetabolic state after anesthesia with succinylcholine and/ or volatile anesthetics. Various neuromuscular syndromes are associated with susceptibility; however, Moebius syndrome has not been reported. Dantrolene is the drug of choice for treatment.

[Assessment of the cognitive effects of inhalational induction with sevoflurane associated or not with nitrous oxide: a comparative study in adult volunteers.].

Background And Objectives: Anesthetic induction with inhalational agents using a facemask has gained attention since the introduction of sevoflurane. At the same time, the influence of adding nitrous oxide on the pattern of induction and recuperation deserves attention, especially regarding recovery of the cognitive function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cognitive effects of inhalational anesthetic induction with sevoflurane alone or associated with nitrous oxide in adults.

Consequences of the addition of nitrous oxide to anesthesia during pneumoperitoneum in videolaparoscopic surgeries.

Background And Objectives: The use of pneumoperitoneum during videolaparoscopic surgeries activates neuroendocrine mechanisms, and causes cardiovascular and hormonal changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of nitrous oxide, to maintain adequate anesthetic levels, on the cardiovascular sympathetic response and in the expired concentration of sevoflurane (ECsevo) during pneumoperitoneum, by evaluating hemodynamic parameters, BIS, and SEF95%, during videolaparoscopic cholecystectomies.

Methods: Thirty-one patients, physical status ASA I and II, ages 19 to 76 years, were included in the study.

[Importance of pleural pressure for the evaluation of respiratory mechanics].

Background And Objectives: Pleural pressure has to be known for the partitioning of respiratory system mechanical measurements into their lung and chest wall components. This review aimed at discussing alternative methods to obtain pleural pressure to calculate pulmonary mechanics, at reporting peculiarities of the esophageal balloon method for obtaining indirect pleural pressure, peculiarities of esophageal pressure measurement in sedated or anesthetized patients, at discussing direct pleural pressure and its correlation with esophageal pressure, in addition to reporting on the impact of PEEP on pleural and esophageal pressures.

Contents: Esophageal pressure variation reflects pleural pressure variation and may be used as alternative to direct pleural pressure in the study of lungs and chest wall mechanics.

[Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and risk for malignant hyperthermia: case report.].

Background And Objectives: Rhabdomyolysis is a skeletal muscle injury with cell components' release to plasma. Exhaustive exercise, especially in non-conditioned individuals, may result in severe morbidity such as hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. It has been suggested that malignant hyperthermia, thermal shock and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis are closely related syndromes.

[Dawning of inhalational anesthesia: a historical perspective.].

Background And Objectives: History, unlike one may imagine, is not something unchangeable and limited to the past. It is adapted according to conveniences of one or other ruling social class. Deliberately or accidentally hidden information, when unveiled may change current concepts, so far taken for granted.

[The respiratory system and the elderly: anesthetic implications.].

Background And Objectives: Respiratory complications are responsible for a major number of elderly deaths after surgical procedures. Aging entails an important decrease in respiratory system functional reserves, while an increasing number of elderly people are being submitted to increasingly complex procedures. This study is a review of the respiratory system during aging and of anesthesia-induced changes in the elderly, emphasizing preoperative evaluation of respiratory function, postoperative pulmonary complications and details of anesthetic management.