Prevalence of hysterectomy and associated factors in Brazilian women aged 50 and older: findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil).

Background: Hysterectomy is a gynaecological surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed as a treatment for both malignant and benign gynaecological diseases. A hysterectomy is also performed to minimise risks in women with problems related to the uterus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reported hysterectomy and associated risk factors in Brazilian women aged 50 and older.

Promising activity of etomidate against mixed biofilms of fluconazole-resistant and methicillin-resistant .

and are recognized for their development of resistance and biofilm formation. New therapeutic alternatives are necessary in this context. Etomidate shows potential application in catheters against mixed biofilms of fluconazole-resistant and methicillin-resistant (MRSA).

Analysis of possible pathways on the mechanism of action of minocycline and doxycycline against strains of spp. resistant to fluconazole.

Species of the genus characterized as commensals of the human microbiota, are opportunistic pathogens capable of generating various types of infections with high associated costs. Considering the limited pharmacological arsenal and the emergence of antifungal-resistant strains, the repositioning of drugs is a strategy used to search for new therapeutic alternatives, in which minocycline and doxycycline have been evaluated as potential candidates. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the antifungal activity of two tetracyclines, minocycline and doxycycline, and their possible mechanism of action against fluconazole-resistant strains of spp.

Combined antibiofilm activity of synthetic peptides and antifungal drugs against spp.

and are biofilm-forming drug-resistant yeasts that cause bloodstream infections that can lead to death. nystatin and itraconazole were combined with two synthetic peptides, PepGAT and PepKAA, to evaluate the synergistic effect against biofilms. Additionally, scanning electron and fluorescence microscopies were employed to understand the mechanism behind the synergistic activity.

Evaluation of the antifungal effect of chlorogenic acid against strains of spp. resistant to fluconazole: apoptosis induction and analysis of the possible mechanisms of action.

spp. are commensal fungal pathogens of humans, but when there is an imbalance in the microbiota, or weak host immunity, these yeasts can become pathogenic, generating high medical costs. With the increase in resistance to conventional antifungals, the development of new therapeutic strategies is necessary.

The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2: A review of how mutations of spike glycoproteins have driven the emergence of variants with high transmissibility and immune escape.

Late in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) emerged, causing an unknown type of pneumonia today called coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is still an ongoing global outbreak that has claimed and threatened many lives worldwide. Along with the fastest vaccine developed in history to fight SARS-CoV-2 came a critical problem, SARS-CoV-2.

Does the external nasal dilator strip help in sports activity? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that the external nasal dilator (END) increases the cross sectional area of the nasal valve, thereby reducing nasal resistance, transnasal inspiratory pressure, stabilizing the lateral nasal vestibule, and preventing its collapse during final inhalation.

Objectives: Our objective was to carry out a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis on the effects of the END during physical exercise.

Methods: After selecting articles in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases, 624 studies were identified.

Effect of the external nasal dilator on adolescent athleteswith and without allergic rhinitis.

Objectives: The ability to effectively breathe through the nose is an important component of physical exercise. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of the external nasal dilator (END) on healthy adolescent athletes and those with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Clinical trial, double-blind, crossover, in which we evaluated healthy adolescent athletes with allergic rhinitis, using experimental and placebo ENDs, submitted to a maximum cardio-respiratory test in randomized order.

Randomized clinical trial: the use of SpeechEasy® in stuttering treatment.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefit of devices delivering altered auditory feedback (AAF) as a therapeutic alternative for those who stutter.

Aims: The effectiveness of a device delivering AAF (SpeechEasy®) was compared with behavioural techniques in the treatment of stuttering in a randomized clinical trial.

Methods & Procedures: Two groups of adults who stutter participated: group 1 consisted of 10 men and one woman aged 21-42 years (mean = 30.

Does the Airmax® internal nasal dilator increase peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) in adolescent athletes?

Objectives: Nasal dilators are being developed for the purpose of increasing air flow in the nasal valve. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of the internal nasal dilator (IND) by adolescent athletes.

Methods: A double-blind, crossover clinical trial in which we evaluated 54 adolescents using experimental and placebo INDs, submitted to a cardio-respiratory test in randomized order.

Consequence of hyperhomocysteinaemia on α1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in the rat corpus cavernosum: the role of reactive oxygen species.

Objectives: Our main objective was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) on contractile response mediated by α1-adrenoceptors in the rat corpus cavernosum.

Methods: Concentration-response curves for phenylephrine (PE) were obtained in strips of corpus cavernosum, in absence or after incubation with tiron, tempol or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase combined or not with tempol. We also measured the superoxide anion (O2(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity and α-actin expression in rat corpus cavernosum from both groups.

Oral transit time: a critical review of the literature.

Introduction: Oral transit time is one of the parameters observed during the clinical assessment of the swallowing function. The importance of this parameter is due to its impact on the total duration of a meal, whose consequence can be an unfavorable nutritional prognostic.

Objective: To document scientific papers that measure oral transit time in healthy subjects.

External nasal dilators: definition, background, and current uses.

Our goal was to revise the literature about external nasal dilators (ENDs) as to their definition, history, and current uses. We reviewed journals in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. The current uses hereby presented and discussed are physical exercise, nasal congestion and sleep, snoring, pregnancy, cancer, and healthy individuals.

Two-dimensional perceptual videofluoroscopic swallowing analysis of the pharyngeal phase in patients older than 50 years.

Background: Videofluoroscopy is considered the "gold standard" procedure for the evaluation of swallowing by most units that treat patients with dysphagia, having a great impact in decision making, not only in therapeutic terms, but also in determining the prognosis.

Aim: To propose and to verify the reproducibility of the results of a perceptual two-dimensional videofluoroscopic protocol for the analysis of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing in a population of healthy adults.

Methods: Participants were 20 healthy adults, of both genders, with ages between 50 and 65 years.

Clinical prognostic indicators of dysphagia following prolonged orotracheal intubation in ICU patients.

Introduction: The development of postextubation swallowing dysfunction is well documented in the literature with high prevalence in most studies. However, there are relatively few studies with specific outcomes that focus on the follow-up of these patients until hospital discharge. The purpose of our study was to determine prognostic indicators of dysphagia in ICU patients submitted to prolonged orotracheal intubation (OTI).

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the external nasal dilator strip in adolescent athletes: a randomized trial.

Objectives: Evaluate the cardio-respiratory capacity (VO₂max.) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) of healthy adolescent athletes with experimental and placebo external nasal dilator strips (ENDS).

Methods: 48 healthy adolescent athletes between the ages of 11 and 15 were evaluated and submitted to a cardio-respiratory 1000 m race in randomized order.

Oral motor movements and swallowing in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia and esophageal motility disorders were found to be the most important causes of aspiration pneumonia in patients with myotonic dystrophy. The purpose of this report was to evaluate clinical characteristics of the oral motor movements and swallowing of individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) using a standardized clinical protocol and surface electromyography (sEMG). Participants were 40 individuals divided in two groups: G1 composed of 20 adults with DM1 and G2 composed of 20 healthy volunteers paired by age and gender to the individuals in G1.

Correlation between peak nasal inspiratory flow and peak expiratory flow in children and adolescents.

Background: PEAK nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) has been proposed as a simple method to evaluate nasal patency. Asthma and allergic rhinitis are commonly associated, and lower airway assessment can provide information concerning an objective interpretation of nasal function.

Aims: TO determine whether the PNIF is correlated with peak expiratory flow (PEF) in children and adolescents.

Does BCG revaccination protect against the development of asthma?

Single BCG vaccination has been considered as a protective factor against asthma. However the effect of a second dose of BCG on the prevalence rate of asthma and asthma-allergic rhinitis-eczema comorbidity has not been studied exclusively among adolescents. In this ISAAC protocol-based cross sectional study we assessed the association between one single versus two doses of BCG among 2213 individuals aged 13-14 years old.

Exchange of disfluency with age from function to content words in Brazilian Portuguese speakers who do and do not stutter.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the exchange of disfluencies from function words to content words with age in Brazilian Portuguese speakers who do and do not stutter. Ninety stuttering individuals and 90 controls, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, were divided into three age groups (children, adolescents and adults). The study method involved analyzing the occurrence of stuttering on content and function words based on spontaneous speech samples.

Rehabilitative management of swallowing and oral-motor movements in patients with tetanus of a public service in Brazil.

When looking at developing countries, the prolonged intensive medical and nursing care required by many patients places extra demands on an already stretched healthcare budget. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a systematic rehabilitative program for swallowing and oral-motor movements in intensive care unit patients with the diagnosis of tetanus. Forty-five patients who were clinically diagnosed with tetanus were included in the study.

Syntactic structural assignment in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children with specific language impairment.

Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the comprehension of sentences with predicates and reflexives that are linked to a nonadjacent noun as a test of the hierarchical ordering deficit (HOD) hypothesis. That hypothesis and more modern versions posit that children with specific language impairment (SLI) have difficulty in establishing nonadjacent (hierarchical) relations among elements of a sentence. The authors also tested whether additional working memory demands in constructions containing reflexives affected the extent to which children with SLI incorrectly structure sentences as indicated by their picture-pointing comprehension responses.

Reprint of: stuttering treatment control using P300 event-related potentials.

Unlabelled: Positron emission tomography studies during speech have indicated a failure to show the normal activation of auditory cortical areas in stuttering individuals. In the present study, P300 event-related potentials were used to investigate possible effects of behavioral treatment on the pattern of signal amplitude and latency between waves. In order to compare variations in P300 measurements, a control group paired by age and gender to the group of stutterers, was included in the study.

Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) is expressed in the human atheroma core: possible role in apoptosis.

Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidases (QSOXs) catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins, and in vertebrates comprise two proteins: QSOX1 and QSOX2. QSOX1, the most extensively studied type, has been implicated in protein folding, production of extracellular matrix, redox regulation, protection from apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. Atherosclerosis is an immunopathological condition in which redox processes, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and matrix secretion/maturation have critical roles.

Impact of an asthma management program on hospitalizations and emergency department visits.

Objectives: To assess the frequency of hospitalizations and emergency department visits of children and adolescents before and after the enrollment in an asthma program.

Methods: Medical records of 608 asthmatics younger than 15 years were assessed retrospectively. The frequency of hospitalizations and emergency department visits caused by exacerbations were evaluated before and after enrollment in an asthma program.