A Case of Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis and Orbital-Face Inflammation.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause follicular conjunctivitis, keratitis, oculoglandular syndrome, meningitis, and encephalitis. We report a 54-year-old Hispanic male who presented with right pupil-involved complete ophthalmoplegia, orbital and masticatory muscle inflammation, trigeminal enhancement, and new corneal infiltrate highly suggestive of EBV. Labwork was negative except for positive EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in serum.

Recurrent Idiopathic Neuroretinitis: Anti-MOG Positive?

Neuroretinitis, originally described by Leber at the turn of the 20th century, has long perplexed ophthalmologists due to its multiple recognized causes and often atypical presentation. Optic disk edema and macular star in the affected eye are well-agreed upon findings and are due to increased permeability of blood vessels near the optic disk and in the retina at large. It also is universally painless and presents with a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in the affected eye or eyes.

Methicillin-Resistant Sepsis and Orbital Cellulitis Leading to a Combined Central Retinal Artery and Vein Occlusion: A Case Report.

Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion (CCRAVO) is a rare entity characterized by features of tortuous retinal veins, retinal hemorrhage, optic disk edema and pallor, macula edema, cherry-red spot, and cotton-wool spots. The occurrence of CCRAVO in the adult population is often in the setting of systemic disease; while CCRAVO in the pediatric population is frequently associated with infection of the sinuses, preseptal cellulitis, or orbital cellulitis. It has been hypothesized that CCRAVO can result from methicillin-resistant (MRSA) sepsis-induced coagulation disturbances, orbital cellulitis, and even orbital compartment syndrome; however, there are insufficient reports of this complication.

Atypical painless vision loss in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Vasculitis is a common cause of vision loss, and typically painful. In giant cell arteritis, the most common primary vasculitis in adults, we see elevated inflammatory markers, granulomatous inflammation, and associated headache or scalp tenderness. Vision loss caused by granulomatous with polyangiitis (GPA) is rare and typically associated with pain and orbital findings.

Arteritic Orbital Ischemia Producing Afferent and Efferent Pupillary Defects.

A 67-year-old woman presented with acute loss of vision to no light perception (NLP), a right afferent pupillary defect, and anisocoria with a nonreactive and dilated pupil in the right eye. Fundus examination showed pallid optic disc edema and a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in the right eye. A temporal artery biopsy showed giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Orbital AL amyloid.

Amyloidosis and lymphoma localized to the ocular adnexa are rare, and their presentation may resemble more common inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune disease or infection, which can protract diagnostic evaluation and delay eventual therapy. In a patient with recalcitrant facial and tooth pain and ophthalmoplegia, evaluation should include careful histopathologic analysis of biopsy specimens. We report a case of orbital AL amyloidosis associated with localized lymphoma that presented with intractable dental pain and progressed to bilateral complete ophthalmoplegia.

Neuro-Ophthalmic Sarcoidosis.

: In the absence of confirmatory biopsy, the criteria for diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis are not well established. Diagnostic criteria for both intraocular sarcoidosis and neurosarcoidosis have been proposed, but the diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis remains challenging. It is our intention to augment what is currently known about the diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis by providing a series of biopsy-proven cases that contribute to the continued development of diagnostic criteria for this enigmatic condition.

Reversible Vision Loss Due to Transependymal Oedema of the Optic Apparatus Secondary to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction.

A 29-year-old male with a history of pilocytic astrocytoma status post-multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) revisions presented with vision loss, ocular motor deficits, and headaches. His shunt was revised but he experienced persistent vision loss despite resolution of his headaches and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed hydrocephalus and T2 hyperintensity consistent with transependymal oedema surrounding the midbrain, pons, and optic apparatus.

Case Report: Late Sequela of a Muslinoma Involving the Optic Chiasm.

An 84-year-old woman presented with 3 months of vertical binocular diplopia and difficulty reading at near. She had a history of bilateral ophthalmic artery aneurysm repair involving use of muslin in the 1990s. The patient then developed bitemporal hemianopsia secondary to muslin-induced inflammation ("muslinoma") extending to the optic chiasm, which required surgical decompression.

Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome Secondary to Flea Bite.

A 34-year-old previously healthy Hispanic male presented to the emergency room complaining of progressive left upper eyelid swelling and pain for more than 2 weeks. He was previously diagnosed and treated for a "pink eye" but failed to improve. He reported a previous "bug bite" around the left lateral canthus a few weeks prior to admission.

Epiretinal membrane: optical coherence tomography-based diagnosis and classification.

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a disorder of the vitreomacular interface characterized by symptoms of decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia. The diagnosis and classification of ERM has traditionally been based on clinical examination findings. However, modern optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proven to be more sensitive than clinical examination for the diagnosis of ERM.

Ocriplasmin: who is the best candidate?

Enzymatic vitreolysis is currently the focus of attention around the world for treating vitreomacular traction and full-thickness macular hole. Induction of posterior vitreous detachment is an active area of developmental clinical and basic research. Despite exerting an incompletely elucidated physiological effect, ocriplasmin (also known as microplasmin) has been recognized to serve as a well-tolerated intravitreal injection for the treatment of vitreomacular traction and full-thickness macular hole.

Retinal Damage Induced by Internal Limiting Membrane Removal.

The internal limiting membrane (ILM), the basement membrane of the Müller cells, serves as the interface between the vitreous body and the retinal nerve fiber layer. It has a fundamental role in the development, structure, and function of the retina, although it also is a pathologic component in the various vitreoretinal disorders, most notably in macular holes. It was not until understanding of the evolution of idiopathic macular holes and the advent of idiopathic macular hole surgery that the idea of adjuvant ILM peeling in the treatment of tractional maculopathies was explored.

The Vitreomacular Interface in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading health concern and a major cause of blindness. DR can be complicated by scar tissue formation, macular edema, and tractional retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography has found that patients with DR often have diffuse retinal thickening, cystoid macular edema, posterior hyaloid traction, and tractional retinal detachment.

HIV and cannot see.

A 55-year-old HIV-positive man presented with acute vision loss in the right eye and altered mental status. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed light perception vision OD with a right relative afferent pupillary defect, conjunctival chemosis, large mutton-fat keratitic precipitates, and diffuse cream-colored vitreous cells. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit with and without contrast with fat saturation showed choroidal thickening OD, multifocal deep periventricular and deep ganglionic enhancing lesions, and a suprasellar mass.

Topical silver nanoparticles result in improved bleb function by increasing filtration and reducing fibrosis in a rabbit model of filtration surgery.

Purpose: To compare the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and mitomycin C (MMC) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and external, histologic, and immunohistochemical bleb characteristics in a rabbit model of filtration surgery.

Methods: Filtration surgery with concurrent topical application of either AgNPs or MMC was performed on 14 pigmented Dutch Belted rabbits. IOP and bleb characteristics were compared on postoperative day 1 and at weeks 1 through 6.