Dilapan-S versus Standard Methods for Cervical Ripening in Term Pregnancies: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Dilapan-S is a cervical ripening agent approved by the FDA that has been found to be just as effective as other agents and can be utilized for outpatient ripening. No large-scale studies have been conducted to compare cesarean delivery rates between Dilapan-S and other ripening methods. Our objective was to combine these trials to compare cesarean delivery rates for Dilapan-S with other cervical ripening methods, overall and in sub-groups.

Relationship Between Intrapartum Continuous Glucose Monitoring Values and Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Individuals with Diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between intrapartum continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) in individuals with diabetes.

Study Design: a multicenter prospective study (11/2021-12/2022) of laboring individuals with pregestational or gestational diabetes at ≥ 34 weeks. Cohorts had a blinded CGM placed from admission through delivery and were monitored with fingersticks (FS) according to usual care.

Addressing statistical challenges in the analysis of proteomics data with extremely small sample size: a simulation study.

Background: One of the most promising approaches for early and more precise disease prediction and diagnosis is through the inclusion of proteomics data augmented with clinical data. Clinical proteomics data is often characterized by its high dimensionality and extremely limited sample size, posing a significant challenge when employing machine learning techniques for extracting only the most relevant information. Although there is a wide array of statistical techniques and numerous analysis pipelines employed in proteomics data analysis, it is unclear which of these methods produce the most efficient, reproducible, and clinically meaningful results.

Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation Lead to Severe Growth Failure in Infants.

Objective: We aimed to determine the incidence of growth failure in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) and whether initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage (PD) impacted the likelihood of growth failure.

Summary Background Data: Infants with surgical NEC and SIP have high mortality, and most have neurodevelopmental impairment and poor growth. Existing literature on growth outcomes for these infants is limited.

Dealing with small samples in disability research: Do not fret, Bayesian analysis is here.

Purpose/objective: Small sample sizes are a common problem in disability research. Here, we show how Bayesian methods can be applied in small sample settings and the advantages that they provide.

Method/design: To illustrate, we provide a Bayesian analysis of employment status (employed vs.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Enteral Vitamin D Supplementation (ViDES) in Infants <28 Weeks Gestational Age or <1000 Grams Birth Weight: Study Protocol.

Background: Vitamin D is necessary to develop healthy lungs and other organs early in life. Most infants born before 28 weeks' gestation have low vitamin D levels at birth and a limited intake during the first month. Enteral vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive and widely used.

Aspirin 162 mg vs 81 mg for preeclampsia prophylaxis in high-risk obese individuals: a comparative effectiveness open-label randomized trial (ASPREO).

Background: In the United States, leading medical societies recommend 81 mg of aspirin daily for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at risk, whereas the NICE guidelines in the United Kingdom recommend a dose as high as 150 mg of aspirin. Recent data also suggest that in the obese population, inadequate dosing or aspirin resistance may impact the efficacy of aspirin at the currently recommended doses.

Objective: We evaluated whether daily administration of 162 mg aspirin would be more effective compared with 81 mg in decreasing the rate of preeclampsia with severe features in high-risk obese pregnant individuals.

The geriatric trauma hospitalist service: An analysis of a management strategy for injured older adults.

Background: Management of geriatric trauma patients requires balancing chronic comorbidities with acute injuries. We developed a care model in which patients are managed by hospitalists with trauma-centered education and hypothesized that clinical outcomes would be similar to outcomes in patients primarily managed by trauma surgeons.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of trauma patients aged ≥65 from January 2020 to December 2021.

Randomized controlled trial of enteral vitamin D supplementation (ViDES) in infants <28 weeks gestational age or <1000 g birth weight: study protocol.

Background: Vitamin D is necessary to develop healthy lungs and other organs early in life. Most infants born before 28 weeks' gestation have low vitamin D levels at birth and a limited intake during the first month. Enteral vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive and widely used.

Effect of Preoperative Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Nerve Block on Quality of Recovery After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Setting.

Study Objective: To assess the effect of preoperative bilateral ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum nerve block (QLB) on quality of recovery after minimally invasive hysterectomy, in an enhanced recovery after surgery setting.

Design: Randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial (Canadian Task Force level I).

Setting: University-affiliated tertiary medical center.

Implementing a Bundle for Evidence-based Cesarean Delivery May Not Be As Beneficial as Expected: A Multi-center, Pre- and Post- Study.

Background: Standardization of procedures improves outcomes. Though systematic reviews have summarized the evidence-based steps (EBS) of cesarean delivery (CD), their bundled implementation has not been investigated.

Objective: In this pre- and post-implementation trial, we sought to ascertain if bundled EBS of CD, compared to surgeon's preference, improves outcomes.

Effect of Early vs Late Inguinal Hernia Repair on Serious Adverse Event Rates in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Inguinal hernia repair in preterm infants is common and is associated with considerable morbidity. Whether the inguinal hernia should be repaired prior to or after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit is controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of early vs late surgical repair for preterm infants with an inguinal hernia.

A Prospective Observational Study of Disease Severity and Mortality in Hispanic American Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: To characterize disease manifestations in Hispanic American patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in comparison with non-Hispanic White and Black patients.

Methods: Longitudinal clinical characteristics were collected prospectively in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study cohort. All patients fulfilled the classification criteria for SSc and had a disease duration less than five years at enrollment.

Bloodstream infections after solid organ transplantation: clinical epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (2016-21).

Background: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at risk of bloodstream infections (BSIs) with MDR organisms (MDROs).

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of BSI in the year after several types of SOT, as well as the prevalence of MDRO infections in this population.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre, retrospective study of kidney, liver, heart, and multi-organ transplantation patients.

Proximity extension assay proteomics and renal single cell transcriptomics uncover novel urinary biomarkers for active lupus nephritis.

Objective: To identify urinary biomarkers that can distinguish active renal involvement in Lupus Nephritis (LN), a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Urine from 117 subjects, comprised of inactive SLE, active non-renal lupus, active LN, and healthy controls, were subjected to Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) based comprehensive proteomics followed by ELISA validation in an independent, ethnically diverse cohort. Proteomic data is also cross-referenced to renal transcriptomic data to elucidate cellular origins of biomarkers.

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells to treat severe traumatic brain injury in children.

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) infused after severe traumatic brain injury have shown promise for treating the injury. We evaluated their impact in children, particularly their hypothesized ability to preserve the blood-brain barrier and diminish neuroinflammation, leading to structural CNS preservation with improved outcomes. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-sham-controlled Bayesian dose-escalation clinical trial at two children's hospitals in Houston, TX and Phoenix, AZ, USA (NCT01851083).

Identifying the white matter pathways involved in multiple sclerosis-related tremor using diffusion tensor imaging.

Background: Tremor affects up to 45% of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Current understanding is based on insights from other neurological disorders, thus, not fully addressing the distinctive aspects of MS pathology.

Objective: To characterize the brain white matter (WM) correlates of MS-related tremor using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

We are moving the needle: Improving racial disparities in immediate breast reconstruction.

Background: Although racial disparities in receipt of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) have been previously reported, prior studies may not have fully assessed the impact of recent advocacy efforts as healthcare disparities gain increased national attention. The aim of this study is to assess more recent racial differences and annual trends in receiving IBR.

Methods: Using the National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database, black or white women over 18 years who underwent mastectomy from 2012 to 2021 were included.