A 12-year-old girl with HIV, diagnosed at age 1, was hospitalized due to headaches, weakness on one side, and vision problems.
Her initial lab results showed a low CD4+ count and a high viral load, leading to treatment with specific antiretroviral medications.
After 6 months of therapy, her health improved, showing increased CD4+ counts and undetectable viral load, along with resolution of a cerebral aneurysm and related vasculitis.
New antiretroviral agents and prophylaxis schedules have improved survival and quality of life for HIV-infected patients, leading to significant changes in the occurrence of opportunistic infections.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) used to affect 12-80% of HIV-infected children, leading to high mortality rates, but the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced these cases.
Despite these advancements, many patients in developing countries still lack access to ART, which puts them at greater risk for opportunistic infections like PCP, particularly impacting their life expectancy.