A creative approach to reducing food waste by reusing industrial cake waste can result in the development of a worldwide favorite snack. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of industrial cake wastes-basic mini cake (BMC), filled mini cake (FMC), and traditional mini cake (TMC)-as sustainable alternatives to wheat flour in producing ring-shaped cookies. After initial screening, FMC was upcycled at 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, and 50% of wheat flour replacement for ring-shaped cookie processing.
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