Role of vaginal estradiol pretreatment combined with vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening before operative hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of vaginal misoprostol after a pretreatment with vaginal estradiol to facilitate the hysteroscopic surgery in postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this observational comparative study, 35 control women (group A) did not receive any pharmacological treatment,26 women (group B) received 25 µg of vaginal estradiol daily for 14 days and 400 µg of vaginal misoprostol 12 hours before hysteroscopic surgery, 32 women (group C) received 400 µg of vaginal misoprostol 12 hours before surgery.

Results: Demographic data were well balanced and all variables were not significantly different among the three groups.

The role of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the hormonal diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: The study was performed to validate the threshold for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) that suggests the presence of polycystic ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: This prospective observational study included 59 infertile women: (A) 22 PCOS with hyperandrogenism (HA) and oligo-anovulation, (B) 15 suspected PCOS with either HA or oligo-anovulation and (C) 22 asymptomatic control women. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to the NIH classification.

Sequential low-dose step-up and step-down protocols with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome: prospective comparison with step-down protocol.

Purpose: To assess the differences in follicular development comparing two sequential low-dose step-up and step-down protocols (A: 37.5 IU/day, B: 75 IU/day) with a step-down protocol (C: 150 IU/day) using recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: In this prospective observational comparative study, 60 PCOS women were treated with one of the three protocols for only one cycle.