Mutational landscape induced by chronic exposure to environmental PM and PM in A549 lung epithelial cell.

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been linked to an increased risk of multiple diseases, primarily lung cancer, through various molecular mechanisms. However, the mutagenic potential of PM remains unclear. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of genetic mutations and mutagenic signatures resulting from chronic exposure to PM or PM.

A Polyurethane Electrospun Membrane Loaded with Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs): Proliferation, Bactericidal, and Antitumor Properties, and Effects on MRSA and Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Electrospun membranes (EMs) have a wide range of applications, including use as local delivery systems. In this study, we manufactured a polyurethane Tecoflex™ EM loaded with bismuth-based lipophilic nanoparticles (Tecoflex™ EMs-BisBAL NPs). The physicochemical and mechanical characteristics, along with the antitumor and bactericidal effects, were evaluated using a breast cancer cell line and methicillin-susceptible and resistant (MRSA).

Genomic landscape of early-stage prostate adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients: an exploratory study.

Background: Health disparities have been highlighted among patient with prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) due to ethnicity. Mexican men present a more aggressive disease than other patients resulting in less favorable treatment outcome. We aimed to identify the mutational landscape which could help to reduce the health disparities among minority groups and generate the first genomics exploratory study of PRAD in Mexican patients.

Vaginal Ovule Loaded with Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles and Cetylpyridinium Chloride Inhibits Human Cervical Carcinoma and Growth.

Bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are antineoplastic and antimicrobial in vitro. As a next pre-clinical step, a clinically viable dosage form for vaginal application was developed. Compendial pharmacopeial tests (mass uniformity, disintegration, and compressive mechanics) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy were conducted on in-house developed glycerinated gelatin (60:15 /) vaginal ovules containing BisBAL NP-CPC.

Benzene exposure and pediatric leukemia: From molecular clues to epidemiological insights.

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, leukemia ranks 14th in incidence and 11th in mortality and has a 5-year prevalence of approximately 1300,000 cases. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common hematopoietic syndrome in children during the first 5 years of life and represents approximately 75 % of all neoplasms among the pediatric population. The development of leukemia is strongly governed by DNA alterations that accelerate the growth of bone marrow cells.

Food grade titanium dioxide (E171) interferes with monocyte-macrophage cell differentiation and their phagocytic capacity.

Food grade titanium dioxide E171 has been used in products such as confectionery, doughs and flours to enhance organoleptic properties. The European Union has warned about adverse effects on humans due to oral consumption. After oral exposure, E171 reaches the bloodstream which raises the concern about effects on blood cells such as monocytes.

Sampling, composition, and biological effects of Mexico City airborne particulate matter from multiple periods.

Air pollution is a worldwide environmental problem with an impact on human health. Particulate matter of ten micrometers or less aerodynamic diameter (PM) as well as its fine fraction (PM) is related to multiple pulmonary diseases. The impact of air pollution in Mexico City, and importantly, particulate matter has been studied and considered as a risk factor for two decades ago.

Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of an alginate-based membrane loaded with bismuth nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride.

Objective: To evaluate the antitumor and antimicrobial properties of an alginate-based membrane (ABM) loaded with bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on clinically isolated bacteria and a pancreatic cancer cell line.

Material And Methods: The BisBAL NP-CPC ABM was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial potential was measured using the disk-diffusion assay, and antibiofilm activity was determined through the live/dead assay and fluorescence microscopy.

Cytotoxicity Activity of Some meso-Dihydroguaiaretic Acid Derivatives and Mode of Action of the Most Active Compound.

The aim of this study was to screen sixteen meso-1 semi-synthetic derivatives bearing ether, esther, carbamate, phosphate or aminoether functional groups against five cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung), HepG2 (liver), HeLa (cervix), and DU145 (prostate) at 25 μM using the MTT assay. Results from the screening showed that two derivatives had the lowest percentage of cell viability at 25 μM, the aminoether derivative meso-11 and the esther derivative meso-20 against A549 (44.15±0.

Geographical approach analysis of the impact of air pollution on newborn intrauterine growth and cord blood DNA damage in Mexico City.

Background: Few epidemiologic studies have focused on the specific source of ambient air pollution and adverse health effects in early life. Here, we investigated whether air pollutants from different emission sources were associated with decreased birth anthropometry parameters and increased DNA adduct formation in mother-child pairs residing in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 190 pregnant women recruited during their last trimester of pregnancy from two hospitals at MCMA, and a Modeling Emissions Inventory (MEI) to calculate exposure to ambient air pollutants from different emissions sources (area, point, mobile, and natural) for two geographical buffers 250 and 750 m radii around the participants households.

Multivariate Prognostic Models for Patients with Stages I and Ii Colon Carcinoma: a Strobe-Compliant Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide. The value of adjuvant treatment is controversial in Stages I and II.

Objective: The aim of this study was to construct post-operative prognostic models applicable to patients with stages I-II colon carcinoma (CC).

Ion Channels as Potential Tools for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of HPV-Associated Cancers.

The human papilloma virus (HPV) group comprises approximately 200 genetic types that have a special affinity for epithelial tissues and can vary from producing benign symptoms to developing into complicated pathologies, such as cancer. The HPV replicative cycle affects various cellular and molecular processes, including DNA insertions and methylation and relevant pathways related to pRb and p53, as well as ion channel expression or function. Ion channels are responsible for the flow of ions across cell membranes and play very important roles in human physiology, including the regulation of ion homeostasis, electrical excitability, and cell signaling.

Current and novel approaches in the pharmacological treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumours worldwide. The mortality-to-incidence ratio is up to 91.6% in many countries, representing the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

Cumulative antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer.

Objective: To determine the combined antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on human lung tumor cells.

Material And Methods: The human lung tumor cells A549 were exposed to 1-100 µM BisBAL NP or CPC, either separately or in a 1:1 combination. Cell viability was measured with the PrestoBlue assay, the LIVE/DEAD assay, and fluorescence microscopy.

The Road to Malignant Cell Transformation after Particulate Matter Exposure: From Oxidative Stress to Genotoxicity.

In cells, oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production/accumulation of oxidants and the ability of the antioxidant system to detoxify these reactive products. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause multiple cellular damages through their interaction with biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Genotoxic damage caused by oxidative stress has become relevant since it can lead to mutation and play a central role in malignant transformation.

Airborne particulate matter (PM) induces cell invasion through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) pathway deregulation in A549 lung epithelial cells.

Background: Particulate matter with an aerodynamic size ≤ 10 μm (PM) is a risk factor for lung cancer development, mainly because some components are highly toxic. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in PM, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which is a well-known genotoxic and carcinogenic compound to humans, capable of activating AP-1 transcription factor family genes through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Because effects of BaP include metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) activation, cell invasion, and other pathways related to carcinogenesis, we aimed to demonstrate that PM (10 µg/cm) exposure induces the activation of AP-1 family members as well as cell invasion in lung epithelial cells, through AhR pathway.

Somatic Mutational Landscape in Mexican Patients: Mutations and chr20q13.33 Amplifications Are Associated with Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

The Hispanic population, compared with other ethnic groups, presents a more aggressive gastric cancer phenotype with higher frequency of diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (GA); this could be related to the mutational landscape of GA in these patients. Using whole-exome sequencing, we sought to present the mutational landscape of GA from 50 Mexican patients who were treated at The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from 2019 to 2020. We performed a comprehensive statistical analysis to explore the relationship of the genomic variants and clinical data such as tumor histology and presence of signet-ring cell, , and EBV.

Food grade titanium dioxide accumulation leads to cellular alterations in colon cells after removal of a 24-hour exposure.

Titanium dioxide food grade (E171) is one of the most used food additives containing nanoparticles. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority indicated that E171 could no longer be considered safe as a food additive due to the possibility of it being genotoxic and there is evidence that E171 administration exacerbates colon tumor formation in murine models. However, less is known about the effects of E171 accumulation once the exposure stopped, then we hypothesized that toxic effects could be detected even after E171 removal.

Cetylpyridinium chloride inhibits human breast tumor cells growth in a no-selective way.

Objective: Analyze the antitumor capacity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on human breast tumor cells, and the possible action mechanism.

Material And Methods: The human breast tumor cells MCF-7 and no-tumor breast cells MCF-10A were exposed to CPC under various condition (concentration and duration). Cell viability was measured with MTT assay, the LIVE/DEAD assay, and fluorescence microscopy.

Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway Activity Is Inhibited by Airborne Particulate Matter (PM) through XPA Deregulation in Lung Epithelial Cells.

Airborne particulate matter with a diameter size of ≤10 µm (PM) is a carcinogen that contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which form PAH-DNA adducts. However, the way in which these adducts are managed by DNA repair pathways in cells exposed to PM has been partially described. We evaluated the effect of PM on nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity and on the levels of different proteins of this pathway that eliminate bulky DNA adducts.

Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) Inhibit the Growth of Tumor Cells in a Mouse Melanoma Model.

Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the antitumor effect of BisBAL NP in a mouse melanoma model.

Materials And Methods: The antitumor activity of BisBAL NP on murine B16-F10 melanoma cells was determined both in vitro (PrestoBlue cell viability assay and Live/Dead fluorescence) and in vivo, in a mouse model, with the following 15-day treatments: BisBAL NP, negative control (PBS), and cell-death control (docetaxel; DTX). Mouse survival and weight, as well as the tumor volume, were recorded daily during the in vivo study.

Particulate matter (PM) destabilizes mitotic spindle through downregulation of SETD2 in A549 lung cancer cells.

Air pollution represents an environmental problem, impacting negatively in human health. Particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM) is related to pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer. Mitotic spindle is made up by chromosome-microtubule (MT) interactions, where SETD2 plays an important role in MT stability.

Particulate Matter (PM) Promotes Cell Invasion through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) by TGF-β Activation in A549 Lung Cells.

Air pollution presents a major environmental problem, inducing harmful effects on human health. Particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM) is considered an important risk factor in lung carcinogenesis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a regulatory program capable of inducing invasion and metastasis in cancer.

Differential response of immobile (pneumocytes) and mobile (monocytes) barriers against 2 types of metal oxide nanoparticles.

Background: Inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) challenges mobile and immobile barriers in the respiratory tract, which can be represented by type II pneumocytes (immobile) and monocytes (mobile) but what is more important for biological effects, the cell linage, or the type of nanoparticle? Here, we addressed these questions and we demonstrated that the type of NPs exerts a higher influence on biological effects, but cell linages also respond differently against similar type of NPs.

Design: Type II pneumocytes and monocytes were exposed to tin dioxide (SnO) NPs and titanium dioxide (TiO) NPs (1, 10 and 50 μg/cm) for 24 h and cell viability, ultrastructure, cell granularity, molecular spectra of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and cytoskeleton architecture were evaluated.

Results: SnO NPs and TiO NPs are metal oxides with similar physicochemical properties.