Effects of dynamic, isometric, and combined resistance training on ambulatory blood pressure in treated men with hypertension: a randomized controlled trial.

Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring is a widespread recommendation for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Dynamic resistance training (DRT) and isometric handgrip training (IHT) have been recommended for hypertension treatment, but their effects on ABP have been poorly studied. Additionally, combined dynamic and isometric handgrip resistance training (CRT) could produce an additive effect that has yet to be tested.

Physiological responses during walking in men and women with intermittent claudication.

Background: Miyasato et al. show that peak oxygen consumption, walking economy, anaerobic threshold, and cardiovascular responses (heart rate, blood pressure, and rate pressure product) during walking were similar between men and women with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication. There were no differences in the physiological responses to walking between men and women with intermittent claudication.

Post-dynamic, isometric and combined resistance exercise responses in medicated hypertensive men.

This study investigated the effects of dynamic resistance exercise (DRE), isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) and combined resistance exercise (DRE+IHE) on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and its hemodynamic, autonomic, and vascular mechanisms. For that, 70 medicated hypertensives men (52 ± 8 years) were randomly allocated to perform one of the following interventions: DRE (3 sets, 8 exercises, 50% of 1RM), IHE (4 sets, 2 min, 30% of MVC), CRE (DRE+IHE) and control (CON, seated rest). Before and after the interventions, blood pressure (BP), systemic hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and brachial vascular parameters were evaluated.

Can blood pressure decrease after maximal exercise test predict the blood pressure lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensive men?

The acute decrease in blood pressure (BP) observed after a session of exercise (called post-exercise hypotension) has been proposed as a tool to predict the chronic reduction in BP induced by aerobic training. Therefore, this study investigated whether post-exercise hypotension observed after a maximal exercise test is associated to the BP-lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensives. Thirty hypertensive men (50 ± 8 years) who were under consistent anti-hypertensive treatment underwent a maximal exercise test (15 watts/min until exhaustion), and post-exercise hypotension was determined by the difference between BP measured before and at 30 min after the test.

Reproducibility (reliability and agreement) of ventilatory threshold and peak responses during cardiopulmonary exercise test in people with stroke.

Background: A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is used to determine the ventilatory thresholds and to directly assess cardiorespiratory capacity. However, its reproducibility should be tested in people with stroke as sequelae imposed by the stroke may induce important variations among and within each subject, affecting the reproducibility of the physiological responses to CPET.

Purpose: This cross-sectional repeated measures study design aims to determine the reproducibility of anaerobic threshold (AT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal cardiorespiratory capacity assessed during a CPET in people with stroke.

Impaired Neuromuscular Efficiency and Symptom-Limited Aerobic Exercise Capacity 4 Weeks After Recovery From COVID-19 Appear to Be Associated With Disease Severity at Onset.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate neuromuscular recruitment and efficiency in participants who recovered from COVID-19 and assess the association between neuromuscular efficiency and symptom-limited aerobic exercise capacity.

Methods: Participants who recovered from mild (n = 31) and severe (n = 17) COVID-19 were evaluated and compared with a reference group (n = 15). Participants underwent symptom-limited ergometer exercise testing with simultaneous electromyography evaluation after a 4-week recovery period.

Physiological Responses to Maximal and Submaximal Walking in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Although maximal and submaximal walking are recommended for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), performing these exercises may induce different physiological responses.

Objectives: To compare the acute effects of maximal and submaximal walking on post-exercise cardiovascular function, regulation, and associated pathophysiological processes in patients with symptomatic PAD.

Methods: Thirty male patients underwent 2 sessions: maximal walking (Gardner's protocol) and submaximal walking (15 bouts of 2 minutes of walking separated by 2 minutes of upright rest).

Potential Mechanisms Behind the Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of Dynamic Resistance Training.

Purpose Of Review: To elucidate the hemodynamic, autonomic, vascular, hormonal, and local mechanisms involved in the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of dynamic resistance training (DRT) in prehypertensive and hypertensive populations.

Recent Findings: The systematic search identified 16 studies involving 17 experimental groups that assessed the DRT effects on BP mechanisms in prehypertensive and/or hypertensive populations. These studies mainly enrolled women and middle-aged/older individuals.

Walking Training Improves Ambulatory Blood Pressure Variability in Claudication.

Background: Walking training (WT) improves walking capacity and reduces clinic blood pressure (BP) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), but its effects on ambulatory BP remains unknown.

Objective: To investigate the effect of 12 weeks of WT on ambulatory BP and its variability in patients with PAD.

Methods: Thirty-five male patients with PAD and claudication symptoms were randomly allocated into two groups: control (n = 16, 30 min of stretching) and WT (n = 19, 15 bouts of 2 min of walking at the heart rate of leg pain threshold interspersed by 2 min of upright rest).

Effects of resistance training on metabolic and cardiovascular responses to a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in Parkinson`s disease.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training on metabolic and cardiovascular responses during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with Parkinson's disease (modified Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 to 3) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control or Resistance Training. Patients in the Resistance Training Group completed an exercise program consisting of five resistance exercises (two to four sets of six to 12 repetitions maximum per set) twice a week.

Effects of a Real-Life Park-Based Physical Activity Interventional Program on Cardiovascular Risk and Physical Fitness.

Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) practice is a way to combat cardiovascular disease, and a PA interventional program, including individualized prescription of walking with limited supervision of execution, may be a strategy to be applied in public parks. Thus, our study tested the effects of a real-world program like this on cardiovascular risk and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) of the users of a public park.

Methods: Data came from the Exercise and Heart Project, a real-life park-based PA interventional program.

Activation of Mechanoreflex, but not Central Command, Delays Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise in Healthy Men.

This study tested the hypotheses that activation of central command and muscle mechanoreflex during post-exercise recovery delays fast-phase heart rate recovery with little influence on the slow phase. Twenty-five healthy men underwent three submaximal cycling bouts, each followed by a different 5-min recovery protocol: active (cycling generated by the own subject), passive (cycling generated by external force) and inactive (no-cycling). Heart rate recovery was assessed by the heart rate decay from peak exercise to 30 s and 60 s of recovery (HRR, HRR fast phase) and from 60 s-to-300 s of recovery (HRR slow phase).

Physiological responses during active video games in spinal cord injury: a preliminary study.

Objectives: Investigate the physiological responses to active video games (AVG) in individuals with spinal cord injury by comparing oxygen consumption (VO) and heart rate (HR) during an AVG session and at the ventilatory thresholds (i.e., anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point); and by calculating the session energy expenditure (EE).

Consistency of hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms underlying post-exercise hypotension.

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is a clinically relevant phenomenon, but its mechanisms vary between different studies and between the participants within each study. Additionally, it is possible that PEH mechanisms are not consistent in each individual (i.e.

Cardiovascular Responses during and after Maximal Walking in Men and Women with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Walking is recommended for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It has been shown that patients with PAD present sharper increases in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during maximal walking when compared with healthy subjects. Additionally, women with PAD present a worse physiological profile, and it is possible that they may present higher cardiovascular load during and after a bout of maximal walking than men.

Post-exercise hypotension and its hemodynamic determinants depend on the calculation approach.

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) has been assessed by three calculation approaches: I = (post-exercise - pre-exercise), II = (post-exercise - post-control), and III = [(post-exercise - pre-exercise) - (post-control - pre-control)]. This study checked whether these calculation approaches influence PEH and its determinants. For that, 30 subjects underwent two exercise (cycling, 45 min, 50% VO peak) and two control (seated rest, 45 min) sessions.

Reliability and validity of a sedentary behavior questionnaire for South American pediatric population: SAYCARE study.

Background: Multicenter studies from Europe and the United States have developed specifically standardized questionnaires for assessing and comparing sedentary behavior, but they cannot be directly applied for South American countries. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the South American Youth Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) sedentary behavior questionnaire.

Methods: Children and adolescents from seven South American cities were involved in the test-retest reliability (children: n = 55; adolescents: n = 106) and concurrent validity (children: n = 93; adolescents: n = 94) studies.

Effects of postexercise cooling on heart rate recovery in normotensive and hypertensive men.

Background: Postexercise heart rate recovery (HRR) is determined by cardiac autonomic restoration after exercise and is reduced in hypertension. Postexercise cooling accelerates HRR in healthy subjects, but its effects in a population with cardiac autonomic dysfunction, such as hypertensives (HT), may be blunted. This study assessed and compared the effects of postexercise cooling on HRR and cardiac autonomic regulation in HT and normotensive (NT) subjects.

Recommendations in Post-exercise Hypotension: Concerns, Best Practices and Interpretation.

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is a clinically relevant phenomenon that has been widely investigated. However, the characteristics of study designs, such as familiarization to blood pressure measurements, duration of PEH assessments or strategies to analyze PEH present discrepancies across studies. Thus identifying key points to standardize across PEH studies is necessary to help researchers to build stronger study designs, to facilitate comparisons across studies, and to avoid misinterpretations of results.

Familial aggregation and heritability of markers of metabolic risk, physical activity, and physical fitness in nuclear families from Muzambinho (Minas Gerais, Brazil).

Objective: This study investigated the familial aggregation and heritability of markers of metabolic risk, physical activity, and physical fitness in nuclear families from Muzambinho (Minas Gerais, Brazil).

Subjects And Methods: The study included members of 139 families, comprising 97 fathers (aged 40 ± 7 years), 129 mothers (35 ± 6 years), 136 sons (12 ± 4 years), and 121 daughters (12 ± 5 years). Evaluated markers included (A) body mass index, waist circumference, glycemia, and cholesterolemia, as metabolic risk markers; (B) total weekly volume of physical activity, as a physical activity marker; and (C) relative muscle strength, as a physical fitness marker.

Is the Measurement of Blood Pressure by Automatic Monitor in the South American Pediatric Population Accurate? SAYCARE Study.

Objective: This study aimed to test the validity of an automatic oscillometric device to measure the blood pressure (BP) in children (n = 191) and adolescents (n = 127) aged 3 to 18 years.

Methods: Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) levels were measured simultaneous by automatic device and mercury column with Y-connection. To verify the validity, Bland-Altman plots and limits of agreement of 95% (95% LOA), specificity and sensitivity of the device, and the grade of British Hypertension Society (BHS) criteria were used.

Aerobic Stimulus Induced by Virtual Reality Games in Stroke Survivors.

Objective: To evaluate whether virtual reality games (VRGs) in stroke survivors produce significant and reproducible heart rate and oxygen consumption (V˙o) responses during their execution, corresponding to an intensity between the anaerobic threshold (AT) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP).

Design: Single-subject, repeated-measure design.

Setting: Stroke survivors registered from a rehabilitation program.