[Opticopathies in the differential diagnosis of retinal diseases - part 1].

Due to the close anatomical, functional and trophic relationships between the optic nerve and retina, a wide variety of diseases affecting both structures have reciprocal effects on each other, which must be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to assess pathological changes in both structures in context to differentiate the type and location of the primary lesion from its consequences, as well as to correctly classify coincidences and disease-specific lesion patterns in both organ components.This article highlights the typical symptom constellations and lesion patterns of optic neuropathies and retinopathies.

[Opticopathies in the differential diagnosis of retinal diseases - part 2].

Due to the close anatomical, functional and trophic relationships between the optic nerve and retina, a wide variety of diseases affecting both structures have reciprocal effects on each other, which must be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to assess pathological changes in both structures in context to differentiate the type and location of the primary lesion from its consequences, as well as to correctly classify coincidences and disease-specific lesion patterns in both organ components.This article highlights the typical symptom constellations and lesion patterns of optic neuropathies and retinopathies.

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Optic Nerve Imaging in Glaucoma.

Being the primary site of degeneration, the optic nerve has always been the focus of structural glaucoma assessment. The technical advancements, mainly of optical coherence tomography (OCT), now allow for a very precise quantification of the optic nerve head and peripapillary retina morphology. By far the most commonly used structural optic nerve parameter is the thickness of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber, which has great clinical utility but also suffers from significant limitations, mainly in advanced glaucoma.

[Digital teaching 2020: Online teaching receives a better assessment than face-to-face teaching].

Background: Due to the corona pandemic, face-to-face teaching was no longer permitted in the summer semester 2020 and online alternatives were quickly found.

Objective: In our article, we illustrate the switch from face-to-face to online teaching in ophthalmology at the University of Lübeck and compare online teaching with face-to-face teaching.

Methods: The central teaching evaluation takes place every semester with a standardized questionnaire.

Elevated endothelin-1 levels as risk factor for an impaired ocular blood flow measured by OCT-A in glaucoma.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether a correlation exists between glaucoma-associated alteration of ocular vascular haemodynamics and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels exist. Eyes of patients with cataract (n = 30) or glaucoma (n = 68) were examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A; AngioVue™-RTVue-XR; Optovue, Fremont, California, USA). The peripapillary and the macular vessel density (VD) values were measured.

Microvascular and Morphologic Changes of the Macula over Lifetime.

In ocular, neurologic, and cardiovascular diseases, macular segmentation data from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provide morphologic, and OCT-angiography (OCTA) results give microvascular information about the macula. Age was shown to influence both methods' measurements. To further characterize this association, macular SD-OCT and OCTA changes were investigated in a population of juvenile, adult, and older individuals.

[Digital teaching 2020: students assess attention during an online lecture as equivalent to a face-to-face lecture].

Background: The corona pandemic has led to short-term adjustments of the procedures in medical courses. In many departments classroom teaching was no longer possible so that it was necessary to implement digital courses to provide an adequate medical training.

Methods: We developed a digital curriculum based on the contents of our established courses using primary in-house tools, such as Cisco WebEx and Moodle.

Quantitative Comparison of the Vascular Structure of Macular Neovascularizations Between Swept-Source and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to ascertain and quantify the differences between swept-source (SS) and spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging of macular neovascularizations (MNV) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Patients And Methods: SD-OCTA (RTVue Avanti) and SS-OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000) were performed in 37 patients with MNV in nAMD. The MNV was delineated and the data were processed via ImageJ.

[Does the Foveal Avascular Zone Change in Glaucoma?].

Background: The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) - with perimeter and acircularity index (AI) and surrounding vessel density - are measured in glaucomatous eyes in comparison to healthy eyes - with additional subdivision into visual field defects in different locations (central vs. peripheral).

Materials And Methods: The data from 128 eyes were evaluated.

[Hand, foot and mouth disease-associated maculopathy: a 2-year course].

This article reports the case of a 35-year-old male patient with acute hand, foot and mouth disease and unilateral viral maculopathy of the right eye. In the course of 2 years an improvement of the subjective symptoms with a corresponding decrease of the findings in multimodal imaging could be observed. This case report demonstrates that acute maculopathy associated with hand, foot and mouth disease is a rare but relevant differential diagnosis with mostly good regression of symptoms and findings.

[Trabeculectomy with Collagen Matrix Implant as Bevacizumab Depot: Clinical Results on Efficacy and Safety].

Background: Trabeculectomy for the surgical reduction of internal eye pressure is an established procedure, but the principle limitations are in postoperative wound healing. Various antimetabolites are regularly used to avoid postoperative subconjunctival scarring. The present study investigates whether the combination of an Ologen implant with bevacizumab can modify the rates of success and/or complications during trabeculectomy.

Vessel density in OCT angiography permits differentiation between normal and glaucomatous optic nerve heads.

Aim: To evaluate whether optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can detect altered vessel density (VD) at the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma patients. Special attention is paid to the accuracy of the OCTA technique for distinguishing healthy from glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: A total of 171 eyes were examined by the OCTA system AngioVue™ (Optovue): 97 eyes diagnosed with glaucoma and 74 healthy control eyes.

[Uveitic Secondary Glaucoma].

An intraocular pressure increase with development of glaucomatous damage is a common complication of uveitis. The prevalence has a wide range depending on various factors such as the underlying uveitis type and the duration of the disease. Pathogenetically, a distinction must be made between a secondary angle closure component and the more frequently occurring open-angle glaucoma.

Canaloplasty in patients with uveitic glaucoma: a pilot study.

Purpose: Glaucoma is a common vision-threatening complication of uveitis. We investigated the outcome of canaloplasty in patients with chronic uveitis and uncontrolled secondary glaucoma.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 12 patients with medically uncontrolled secondary glaucoma who underwent canaloplasty (14 treated eyes), with follow-up of ≥ 24 months.