Mental health in individual versus team sports.

Across all sports, there has been increasing realization that mental health symptoms and disorders in athletes are common. More specifically, there has been increasing study of differences in mental health between individual and team sport athletes. However, this topic is still under-developed, and no comprehensive review on the topic has been undertaken.

Anxiety Disorders in Athletes.

Athletes and non-athletes experience many anxiety-related symptoms and disorders at comparable rates. Contributory factors may include pressure to perform, public scrutiny, sporting career dissatisfaction, injury, and harassment and abuse in sport. Anxiety may negatively impact sport performance.

Mental Health in the Youth Athlete.

Though research is inconclusive in being able to determine if young athletes are more or less likely to suffer from mental health disorders compared with their non-athlete peers, there are important psychological considerations that are unique to the athletic population. This includes depression in the context of overtraining and burnout, performance anxiety, perfectionism, psychological sequalae of concussion, and injury as an independent risk factor for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and high-risk behaviors. Optimization of mental health care in youth athletes requires continued efforts to improve mental health literacy, decrease stigma, encourage help-seeking behaviors, and advance the routine implementation of effective screening practices.

The Epidemiology of Mental Health Symptoms and Disorders Among Elite Athletes and the Evolution of Mental Health Literacy.

Within elite sport, epidemiological evidence is needed concerning the incidence and prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders in relation to athlete demographic factors such as (dis)ability, race, ethnicity, sexual orientations, and different genders. Mental health promotion campaigns are often based on mental health literacy strategies. Such strategies aim to increase knowledge of mental health symptoms and disorders, address aspects of self- and public stigma, and promote help-seeking behaviors.

Surveillance of athlete mental health symptoms and disorders: a supplement to the International Olympic Committee's consensus statement on injury and illness surveillance.

In 2019, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) published a consensus statement outlining the principles for recording and reporting injury and illness in elite sport. The authors encouraged sport federations to adapt the framework to their sport-specific context. Since this publication, several sports have published extensions to the IOC consensus statement.

Does Increased Physical Activity Explain the Psychosocial Benefits of Sport Participation During COVID-19?

Context: Although the return to sports during COVID-19 has been associated with improvements in mental health and quality of life (QOL), whether these benefits are primarily due to increases in physical activity (PA) is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether PA increases were responsible for the improvements in mental health and QOL among adolescents who returned to sport during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

High School Sports During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Sport Participation on the Health of Adolescents.

Context: During the fall of 2020, some high schools across the United States allowed their students to participate in interscholastic sports while others cancelled or postponed their sport programs due to concerns regarding COVID-19 transmission. What effect this has had on the physical and mental health of adolescents is unknown.

Objective: To identify the effect of playing a sport during the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of student-athletes.

Bipolar Disorder and Athletes: A Narrative Review.

Bipolar disorder is a diagnosis with immense lifelong implications that affects 1% to 2% of the general population. It typically presents during late adolescence and early adulthood, which often coincides with the age of peak athletic performance and a limited window of opportunity to compete at the highest levels of sport. Understanding the nature and course of the illness, as well as the effects that pharmacological treatment can have on an athlete, can be extremely beneficial for sports medicine physicians, particularly as many young athletes may not yet be diagnosed and/or adequately treated.

The Mental Health of Athletes: Recreational to Elite.

Athletes at all levels of competition are susceptible to mental health symptoms and disorders, and this has been a topic of increased research attention in recent years. The most common such conditions will be highlighted in this article, with a clinical focus on unique aspects of presentation, diagnosis, and management among athletes. Conditions addressed include depression, anxiety and related disorders, eating disorders, sleep concerns, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar and psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders and behavioral addictions.

Changes in the Health of Adolescent Athletes: A Comparison of Health Measures Collected Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Context: In spring 2020, schools closed to in-person teaching and sports were cancelled to control the transmission of COVID-19. The changes that affected the physical and mental health among young athletes during this time remain unknown.

Objective: To identify changes in the health (mental health, physical activity, and quality of life) of athletes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bipolar disorder and eating disorders in sport: a case of comorbidity and review of treatment principles in an elite athlete.

Objectives: There is overlap between the typical age of onset of bipolar disorder (BD) and the age of peak athletic success. Additionally, eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent psychiatric disorders in athletes. Despite the relevance of both disorders in this population, there remains a need for treatment guidelines, especially when present as comorbidities given the complex interplay between them.

Mental health management of elite athletes during COVID-19: a narrative review and recommendations.

Elite athletes suffer many mental health symptoms and disorders at rates equivalent to or exceeding those of the general population. COVID-19 has created new strains on elite athletes, thus potentially increasing their vulnerability to mental health symptoms. This manuscript serves as a narrative review of the impact of the pandemic on management of those symptoms in elite athletes and ensuing recommendations to guide that management.

International Olympic Committee (IOC) Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 (SMHAT-1) and Sport Mental Health Recognition Tool 1 (SMHRT-1): towards better support of athletes' mental health.

Objectives: To develop an assessment and recognition tool to identify elite athletes at risk for mental health symptoms and disorders.

Methods: We conducted narrative and systematic reviews about mental health symptoms and disorders in active and former elite athletes. The views of active and former elite athletes (N=360) on mental health symptoms in elite sports were retrieved through an electronic questionnaire.

A Quality Improvement Curriculum for Psychiatry Residents.

Introduction: Quality improvement (QI) is an increasingly important aspect of health care and residency education. There is relatively little research describing QI curricula for residents in psychiatry. Although QI curricula have been published in , the current resource represents the first such curriculum specific to psychiatry residents.

Mental Health Issues and Psychological Factors in Athletes: Detection, Management, Effect on Performance, and Prevention: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine convened a panel of experts to provide an evidence-based, best practices document to assist sports medicine physicians and other members of the athletic care network with the detection, treatment, and prevention of mental health issues in competitive athletes. This statement discusses how members of the sports medicine team, including team physicians, athletic trainers, and mental health providers, work together in providing comprehensive psychological care to athletes. It specifically addresses psychological factors in athletes including personality issues and the psychological response to injury and illness.

American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement: Mental Health Issues and Psychological Factors in Athletes: Detection, Management, Effect on Performance, and Prevention-Executive Summary.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine convened a panel of experts to provide an evidence-based, best practice document to assist sports medicine physicians and other members of the athletic care network with the detection, treatment, and prevention of mental health (MH) issues in competitive athletes. This statement discusses how members of the sports medicine team, including team physicians, athletic trainers, and MH providers, work together in providing comprehensive psychological care to athletes. It specifically addresses psychological factors in athletes including personality issues and the psychological response to injury and illness.

Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance and prevention: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement-Executive Summary.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine convened a panel of experts to provide an evidence-based, best practices document to assist sports medicine physicians and other members of the athletic care network with the detection, treatment and prevention of mental health issues in competitive athletes. This statement discusses how members of the sports medicine team, including team physicians, athletic trainers and mental health providers, work together in providing comprehensive psychological care to athletes. It specifically addresses psychological factors in athletes including personality issues and the psychological response to injury and illness.

Problem gambling and associated mental health concerns in elite athletes: a narrative review.

Opportunities to participate in gambling have dramatically changed during the past 20 years. Casinos have proliferated as have electronic gambling machines, lotteries, sports betting, and most recently online gambling. Gambling among the general population has moved from being perceived negatively to a socially acceptable pastime.

Management of mental health emergencies in elite athletes: a narrative review.

Mental health emergencies require a rapid, effective response. We searched the literature on mental health emergencies in athletes and found five papers. None of these addressed elite athletes.