Investigating Taste Perception of Maltodextrins Using Lactisole and Acarbose.

Previous research has demonstrated that complex carbohydrates (maltodextrins) can be perceived in the oral cavity. However, little research has been conducted to thoroughly investigate complex carbohydrate taste perception and contributing factors. This study explored the effects of the degree of polymerization and the concentration of complex carbohydrates on taste perception.

Carbohydrate Oral Rinsing, Cycling Performance and Individual Complex Carbohydrate Taste Sensitivity.

The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effect of individual complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity on cycling performance with complex carbohydrate oral rinsing. Ten male participants completed five cycling time trials in a fasted state with a seven-day washout period between each trial. Participants completed a fixed amount of work (738.

Ocular findings in a population of geriatric equids in the United Kingdom.

Background: There are a growing number of horses, ponies, and donkeys aged 15 years or older in the United Kingdom, yet there have been no studies utilising a complete ophthalmic examination to investigate the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology within this population.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology and associations with signalment, in a convenience sample of geriatric equids in the United Kingdom.

Study Design: Cross sectional.

Subpalpebral lavage placement for remote topical administration of ocular medications in 12 dogs: A retrospective review and assessment of owner perception.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the placement of subpalpebral lavage (SPL) systems in 12 dogs (15 eyes) intolerant of topical ocular medications to assess the suitability, complications encountered and owner perception of use.

Animals Studied: Retrospective review of dogs that underwent SPL placement for treatment of ocular disease at the Ophthalmology Department, University of Bristol Small Animal Hospital between 2017 and 2021.

Procedure(s): Data recorded included signalment, history, diagnosis, treatment, reason for SPL placement, uni- or bilateral placement, duration of placement, complications, and outcome.

A prospective, masked, randomized, controlled superiority study comparing the incidence of corneal injury following general anesthesia in dogs with two methods of corneal protection.

Objective: To compare the incidence of corneal injury during general anesthesia (GA) and the immediate post-operative period in eyes protected with topical ocular lubricant alone with eyes protected with topical lubricant followed by complete eyelid closure using tape.

Animals Studied: One hundred client-owned dogs (200 eyes) undergoing GA for MRI scan.

Methods: Patients had ocular lubricant applied to both eyes upon induction of anesthesia.

Maltodextrin-Based Carbohydrate Oral Rinsing and Exercise Performance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Carbohydrates are an important fuel for optimal exercise performance during moderate- and high-intensity exercise; however, carbohydrate ingestion during high-intensity exercise may cause gastrointestinal upset. A carbohydrate oral rinse is an alternative method to improve exercise performance in moderate- to high-intensity exercise with a duration of 30-75 min. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively examine the isolated effect of maltodextrin-based rinsing on exercise performance.

Efficacy and safety of suprachoroidal triamcinolone injection in horses with poorly responsive equine recurrent uveitis.

Objective: Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), a chronic, immune-mediated intraocular inflammatory disease, is a common cause of blindness in horses. The severity and recurrent nature of ERU makes it difficult to treat with current therapeutics leading to a poor visual prognosis. The suprachoroidal space (SCS), a potential space between the choroid and sclera surrounding the ocular posterior segment, offers a promising alternative site for drug application to the eye.

Clinical, histopathological and genetic characterisation of oculoskeletal dysplasia in the Northern Inuit Dog.

Seven Northern Inuit Dogs (NID) were diagnosed by pedigree analysis with an autosomal recessive inherited oculoskeletal dysplasia (OSD). Short-limbed dwarfism, angular limb deformities and a variable combination of macroglobus, cataracts, lens coloboma, microphakia and vitreopathy were present in all seven dogs, while retinal detachment was diagnosed in five dogs. Autosomal recessive OSD caused by COL9A3 and COL9A2 mutations have previously been identified in the Labrador Retriever (dwarfism with retinal dysplasia 1-drd1) and Samoyed dog (dwarfism with retinal dysplasia 2-drd2) respectively; both of those mutations were excluded in all affected NID.

The Response of More Health Focused and Less Health Focused People to a Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Label on Discretionary Snack Foods.

A Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent (PACE) label shows the minutes of physical activity required to burn off the caloric content of a particular food. This study investigated the influence of PACE labelling on liking and consumption of discretionary snack foods in a group of more health focused and less health focused consumers. Participants ( = 97) tasted and rated (i.

CLINICAL AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF IDIOPATHIC OCULOMOTOR NEUROPATHY IN 14 DOGS.

Ophthalmoplegia/ophthalmoparesis (internal, external, or both) has been reported in dogs secondary to neoplasia affecting the oculomotor nerve and is usually given a poor prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, management, outcome, and follow-up in a group of canine cases with idiopathic oculomotor neuropathy. Inclusion criteria included cases with ophthalmoplegia/ophthalmoparesis (internal, external or both) as sole neuroophthalmologic signs, complete ophthalmic and neurologic examination, head MRI, and a minimum follow-up period of 1 year.

Uveal cysts in domestic cats: a retrospective evaluation of thirty-six cases.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate uveal cysts in domestic cats by identifying prevalence, predispositions, location, presumed etiologies, and sequelae.

Animals Studied: The clinical databases of two referral hospitals (The Animal Health Trust in the UK and Animal Eye Care in Australia) were searched to identify cats that had been diagnosed with uveal cysts, either as an incidental finding or as the reason for referral. Thirty-six cases were found.

Ocular alkaline injury in four dogs - presentation, treatment, and follow-up - a case series.

Purpose: To describe presentation, treatment, and follow-up after unilateral alkaline injuries to the eye in four dogs.

Material And Method: The case notes of four patients that suffered from alkaline injuries to the eye were included in this series.

Results: Acute clinical signs included blepharospasm and edema of the eyelids, chemosis and conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival ischemia, destruction of the corneal epithelium, a whitish haze of the corneal stroma, mild corneal edema, and uveitis.

Congenital keratoconjunctivitis sicca and ichthyosiform dermatosis in Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs. Part II: candidate gene study.

Purpose: To identify causative mutation(s) for congenital keratoconjunctivitis sicca and ichthyosiform dermatosis (CKCSID) in Cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) dogs using a candidate gene approach.

Methods: DNA samples from 21 cases/parents were collected. Canine candidate genes (CCGs) for similar inherited human diseases were chosen.

Parallel mapping and simultaneous sequencing reveals deletions in BCAN and FAM83H associated with discrete inherited disorders in a domestic dog breed.

The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) segregates more naturally-occurring diseases and phenotypic variation than any other species and has become established as an unparalled model with which to study the genetics of inherited traits. We used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and targeted resequencing of DNA from just five dogs to simultaneously map and identify mutations for two distinct inherited disorders that both affect a single breed, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. We investigated episodic falling (EF), a paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia, alongside the phenotypically distinct condition congenital keratoconjunctivitis sicca and ichthyosiform dermatosis (CKCSID), commonly known as dry eye curly coat syndrome.

Congenital keratoconjunctivitis sicca and ichthyosiform dermatosis in 25 Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs. Part I: clinical signs, histopathology, and inheritance.

The clinical presentation and progression (over 9 months to 13 years) of congenital keratoconjunctivitis sicca and ichthyosiform dermatosis (CKCSID) in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel dog are described for six new cases and six previously described cases. Cases presented with a congenitally abnormal (rough/curly) coat and signs of KCS from eyelid opening. Persistent scale along the dorsal spine and flanks with a harsh frizzy and alopecic coat was evident in the first few months of life.

Unilateral eyelid lesion and ophthalmologic findings in an aardvark (Orycteropus afer): case report and literature review.

Objective: To summarize the medical knowledge surrounding aardvarks to date, to describe the ophthalmic examination of a specimen with a chronic history of an upper eyelid lesion, of an assumed blind left eye, and to detail the anesthesia procedure performed.

Procedure: A 23-year-old aardvark was examined under general anesthesia and multiple ocular abnormalities were detected in the left eye (globe deviation, corneal opacities, iridodonesis, and aphakia). A thickening of the palpebral conjunctiva affecting the medial upper eyelid with erosion of the normal eyelid margin anatomy was identified.

Treatment of corneal ulcers: when is surgery indicated?

Practical Relevance: While corneal ulcers in cats frequently arise secondarily to feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) infection, and thus medical therapy is often indicated, other causes include trauma, eyelid abnormalities (agenesis, entropion, dermoids and neoplasia), tear film abnormalities and neurological deficiencies (trigeminal nerve paralysis or facial nerve paralysis). In some such cases, surgery is required. Treatment always needs to be tailored carefully according to the depth and progression of the ulcer, any concurrent ophthalmic disease, the patient's general health and demeanour, and owner compliance and financial circumstances.

Treatment of corneal ulcers: what are the medical options?

Practical Relevance: Corneal ulcers in cats (ulcerative keratitis) are a common presenting complaint, and are a frequent sequela to feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) infection. In fact, it is fair to assume an FHV-1 aetiology until proven otherwise. In practice, therefore, many cases of corneal ulceration can be treated medically, but treatment can frequently be challenging, with the need to tailor therapy carefully to the type of ulcer, the individual cat and its temperament.

Aetiology of corneal ulcers assume FHV-1 unless proven otherwise.

Overview: Feline ulcerative keratitis is a common presenting complaint and is frequently a sequela of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) infection; so much so, in fact, that it is fair to assume an FHV-1 aetiology until proven otherwise. Other potential causes of ulceration are trauma or underlying eyelid abnormalities (entropion, ectropion, agenesis, dermoids, neoplasia), lash abnormalities (ectopic cilia, trichiasis), tear film abnormalities or neurological deficiencies (trigeminal nerve paralysis, facial nerve paralysis).

Clinical Challenges: The management of corneal ulceration in cats is frequently challenging, and treatment needs to be tailored carefully to the individual cat, its temperament, and the disease process present.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of vitreous degeneration in normal dogs.

Vitreous degeneration is common in dogs and may be associated with cataract formation. Vitreous degeneration may be identified using B-mode ultrasonography and appears as multiple, small, motile, point-like echoes within the vitreous cavity. In humans, vitreous degeneration has also been observed in normal aging eyes but the incidence of vitreous degeneration in dogs without cataract has not previously been documented.

Wooden orbital foreign body in a Weimaraner.

A 2-year-old, male Weimaraner presented with acute-onset nonaxial exophthalmos with dorsal deviation of the left globe. Periorbital swelling, pain and a profuse purulent ocular discharge were present on the left side. A draining sinus tract was present in the left ventral conjunctival fornix and another in the left pterygopalatine fossa.

Cutaneous haemangiosarcoma of the lower eyelid in an elderly white cat.

A case of cutaneous haemangiosarcoma of the left lower eyelid in a 15-year-old white domestic shorthair cat is reported. A protuberant red mass occupying one-third of the lower eyelid margin length was present. Intermittent haemorrhage occurred from the mass surface.