Photocatalytic oxidation, GAC and biotreatment combinations: an alternative to the coagulation of hydrophilic rich waters?

This study investigated the photocatalytic oxidation of a raw water rich in hydrophilic natural organic matter (NOM) and the impact on the removal of: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP). Dissolved organic carbon and UV254 removals were 40% and 55%, respectively, after 1 min irradiation time and 1 g L(-1) dose of TiO2. The THMFP content was reduced from 305 microg L(-1) in raw water to 144 microg L(-1) after 10 min treatment, whereas chlorine reactivity was stable with treatment.

Photocatalytic oxidation of natural organic matter surrogates and the impact on trihalomethane formation potential.

Natural organic matter (NOM) consists of a complex mixture of organics and acts as precursors for a range of disinfection by-products (DBPs) including trihalomethanes (THMs). The characteristics of these precursors are still not well identified and here we have used a range of NOM surrogates that allows us to investigate how the characteristics of NOM relate to treatability with photocatalytical oxidation. Nine surrogates of NOM (five amino acids, two carbohydrates, two phenolic compounds) were evaluated and the impact of retention time on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) measured.

The LONFLIT4--Concorde Deep Venous Thrombosis and Edema Study: prevention with travel stockings.

Background: The LONFLIT1+2 studies have established that in high risk subjects after long flights (> 10 hours) the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is between 4% and 6%. The LONFLIT4 study was designed to evaluate the control of edema and DVT in low-medium risk subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate edema and its control with specific stockings (ankle pressure between 20 and 30 mm Hg) in long-haul flights.