Mortality, and life expectancy in Epilepsy and Status epilepticus-current trends and future aspects.

Patients with epilepsy carry a risk of premature death which is on average two to three times higher than in the general population. The risk of death is not homogenously distributed over all ages, etiologies, and epilepsy syndromes. People with drug resistant seizures carry the highest risk of death compared to those who are seizure free, whose risk is similar as in the general population.

When Carotid Artery Stenosis Cause Posterior Fossa Infarct. An Unusual Case of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery.

Background: The primitive anastomosis between the carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar arteries usually regress, in rare cases they persist beyond fetal development and form vascular anomalies such as primitive persistent hypoglossal artery(PPHA), with prevalence of 0.02-0.1% in the general population.

Estimates of epilepsy prevalence, psychiatric co-morbidity and cost.

Purpose: This study estimated epilepsy prevalence, psychiatric co-morbidity and annual costs associated with epilepsy.

Methods: We used Danish national health registers to identify persons diagnosed with epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, and persons using antiseizure medication and persons using drugs for psychiatric disorders. We calculated the prevalence of epilepsy and co-morbid psychiatric disorders in Denmark on December 31, 2016, using information on epilepsy and psychiatric disorders based on combinations of hospital contacts and use of antiseizure and psychoactive medication.

Exploring the prevalence and profile of epilepsy across Europe using a standard retrospective chart review: Challenges and opportunities.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in four European countries (Austria, Denmark, Ireland, and Romania) employing a standard methodology. The study was conducted under the auspices of ESBACE (European Study on the Burden and Care of Epilepsy).

Methods: All hospitals and general practitioners serving a region of at least 50 000 persons in each country were asked to identify patients living in the region who had a diagnosis of epilepsy or experienced a single unprovoked seizure.

Status epilepticus admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Salzburg-A population-based study.

Several emergencies were admitted less frequently to the hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To investigate whether this also occurred with status epilepticus (SE) we compared admissions due to first SE from March to April 2020 ("Time of COVID," TOC) with January to February 2020 ("pre-COVID," preCOV). We also compared admission numbers in TOC and preCOV with the respective 2-month periods in 2018 and 2019 in a retrospective cohort analysis.

Epidemiology of status epilepticus in adults: Apples, pears, and oranges - A critical review.

Objective: Status epilepticus (SE) is a severe neurologic condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Population-based studies in adults have found a wide range of incidences in various regions in the world. Although the incidence of SE increases almost exponentially in the elderly, data on census-based population statistics in these studies are scarce.

Epidemiology of status epilepticus in adults: A population-based study on incidence, causes, and outcomes.

Objective: In 2015, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposed a new definition of status epilepticus (SE): 5 minutes of ongoing seizure activity to diagnose convulsive SE (CSE, ie, bilateral tonic-clonic SE) and 10 minutes for focal SE and absence SE, rather than the earlier criterion of 30 minutes. Based on semiology, several types of SE with prominent motor phenomena at any time (including CSE) were distinguished from those without (ie, nonconvulsive SE, NCSE). We present the first population-based incidence study applying the new 2015 ILAE definition and classification of SE and report the impact of the evolution of semiology and level of consciousness (LOC) on outcome.

Two-year real-world experience with perampanel in patients with refractory focal epilepsy: Austrian data.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse registry data of seizure outcome and adverse events (AEs) for perampanel as add-on therapy in patients with focal epilepsy since its approval in 2012 for adjunctive treatment of focal epilepsy in patients ⩾12 years.

Method: A retrospective 2-year chart review of all patients receiving perampanel was carried out.

Results: A total of 122 patients received perampanel [median treatment length: 20.

Mortality and SUDEP in epilepsy patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation.

Objective: The risk of premature death is increased in patients with intractable epilepsy. The effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on mortality remains unclear. In a previous study by Annegers et al.

Cause-specific mortality in adult epilepsy patients from Tyrol, Austria: hospital-based study.

Epilepsy is a devastating condition with a considerable increase in mortality compared to the general population. Few studies have focused on cause-specific mortality which we analyse in detail in over 4,000 well-characterized epilepsy patients. The cohort comprised of epilepsy patients ≥ 18, treated between 1970 and 2009 at the epilepsy clinic of Innsbruck Medical University, Austria, and living in the province of Tyrol, Austria.

Ictal unilateral eye blinking and contralateral blink inhibition - A video-EEG study and review of the literature.

Introduction: There is limited information on ictal unilateral eye blinking (UEB) as a lateralizing sign in focal seizures. We identified two patients with UEB and propose a novel mechanism of UEB based on a review of the literature.

Materials And Methods: We report on two patients with intractable focal epilepsy showing UEB among 269 consecutive patients undergoing noninvasive video-EEG monitoring from October 2011 to May 2013.

Cause-specific mortality among patients with epilepsy: results from a 30-year cohort study.

Purpose: Death rates of patients with epilepsy are two to three times higher than expected. The aim of our study was to further delineate the causes and the patterns of premature death in patients with epilepsy.

Methods: We included all patients who were prospectively enrolled between 1970 and 1999 in our epilepsy outpatient clinical database.

Mortality after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.

Purpose: To report mortality, after a longer interval, in a cohort of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy treated by temporal lobe surgery between 1975 and 1995. A previous audit of these patients ending December 1, 1997 observed a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 4.5.