Advancing multiproduct resin reuse for development and clinical manufacturing of an antibody-based therapeutic.

Chromatography resins used for purifying biopharmaceuticals are generally dedicated to a single product. For clinical manufacturing, this can result in resin being used only for a fraction of its potential lifetime. Extending the use of resins to multiple products can significantly reduce resin waste and cost.

Pyisotopomer: A Python package for obtaining intramolecular isotope ratio differences from mass spectrometric analysis of nitrous oxide isotopocules.

Rationale: Obtaining nitrous oxide isotopocule measurements with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) involves analyzing the ion current ratios of the nitrous oxide parent ion (N O ) as well as those of the NO fragment ion. The data analysis requires correcting for "scrambling" in the ion source, whereby the NO fragment ion obtains the outer N atom from the N O molecule. While descriptions exist for this correction, and interlaboratory intercalibration efforts have been made, there has yet to be published a package of code for implementing isotopomer calibrations.

Export of ice-nucleating particles from watersheds: results from the Amazon and Tocantins river plumes.

We examined ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the plumes of the Tocantins and Amazon rivers, which drain watersheds with different proportions of degraded land. The concentration of INPs active at -15°C (INP) was an order of magnitude lower in the Tocantins (mean = 13.2 ml; s.

[Observations on the influence of trauma-centered psychotherapy with EMDR therapy on somatic comorbidities using the example of Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis].

Background: Results of modern research show a relationship between emotional stress and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases as a comorbidity. The authors use EMDR therapy (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to treat trauma disorders. They wondered whether and to what extent this treatment also affects autoimmune processes.

Microbial niche differentiation explains nitrite oxidation in marine oxygen minimum zones.

Nitrite is a pivotal component of the marine nitrogen cycle. The fate of nitrite determines the loss or retention of fixed nitrogen, an essential nutrient for all organisms. Loss occurs via anaerobic nitrite reduction to gases during denitrification and anammox, while retention occurs via nitrite oxidation to nitrate.

The response of the marine nitrogen cycle to ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification (OA), arising from the influx of anthropogenically generated carbon, poses a massive threat to the ocean ecosystems. Our knowledge of the effects of elevated anthropogenic CO in marine waters and its effect on the performance of single species, trophic interactions, and ecosystems is increasing rapidly. However, our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen is less advanced and lacks a comprehensive overview of how these processes may change under OA.

Microbiological screenings for infection control in unaccompanied minor refugees: the German Armed Forces Medical Service's experience.

Background: The German Military Medical Service contributed to the medical screening of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) coming to Germany in 2014 and 2015. In this study, a broad range of diagnostic procedures was applied to identify microorganisms with clinical or public health significance. Previously, those tests had only been used to screen soldiers returning from tropical deployments.

Beyond Ebola treatment units: severe infection temporary treatment units as an essential element of Ebola case management during an outbreak.

In the course of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa that was witnessed since early 2014, the response mechanisms showed deficits in terms of timeliness, volume and adequacy. The authors were deployed in the Ebola campaign in the West African country Liberia, where by September 2014 the changing epidemiological pattern made reconsiderations of guidelines and adopted procedures necessary. A temporary facility set up as a conventional Ebola Treatment Unit in the Liberian capital Monrovia was re-dedicated into a Severe Infections Temporary Treatment Unit.

Low Enteric Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Soldiers Returning from Deployments- Experience from the Years 2007-2015.

This assessment describes the enteric colonization of German soldiers 8-12 weeks after returning from mostly but not exclusively subtropical or tropical deployment sites with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Between 2007 and 2015, 828 stool samples from returning soldiers were enriched in nonselective broth and incubated on selective agars for Enterobacteriaceae expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), VRE and MRSA. Identification and resistance testing of suspicious colonies was performed using MALDI-TOF-MS, VITEK-II and agar diffusion gradient testing (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France).

Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali.

Introduction. Since 2013, European soldiers have been deployed on the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in Mali. From the beginning, diarrhea has been among the most "urgent" concerns.

N and O isotope fractionation in nitrate during chemolithoautotrophic denitrification by Sulfurimonas gotlandica.

Chemolithoautotrophic denitrification is an important mechanism of nitrogen loss in the water column of euxinic basins, but its isotope fractionation factor is not known. Sulfurimonas gotlandica GD1(T), a recently isolated bacterial key player in Baltic Sea pelagic redoxcline processes, was used to determine the isotope fractionation of nitrogen and oxygen in nitrate during denitrification. Under anoxic conditions, nitrate reduction was accompanied by nitrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation of 23.

Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.

At the turn of the 19(th) century, trypanosomes were identified as the causative agent of sleeping sickness and their presence within the cerebrospinal fluid of late stage sleeping sickness patients was described. However, no definitive proof of how the parasites reach the brain has been presented so far. Analyzing electron micrographs prepared from rodent brains more than 20 days after infection, we present here conclusive evidence that the parasites first enter the brain via the choroid plexus from where they penetrate the epithelial cell layer to reach the ventricular system.

Teaching the rectal examination with simulations: effects on knowledge acquisition and inhibition.

Context: Undergraduate medical curricula are often deficient in teaching physical examinations in intimate zones, such as the rectal examination. Student inhibition is assumed to substantially hamper both the acquisition of knowledge and the performance of these examinations in practice.

Objectives: The two present studies examined the effects of low-fidelity (LFS) and high-fidelity (HFS) simulation on the acquisition of the necessary knowledge and inhibition about carrying out the rectal examination.

Marked differences in the prevalence of chloroquine resistance between urban and rural communities in Burkina Faso.

Background: Chloroquine (CQ) resistance has reached high levels in Africa in recent years. Little is known about variations of resistance between urban and rural areas.

Objectives: To compare the rates of in vivo resistance to CQ and the prevalences of the main molecular marker for CQ resistance among young children from urban and rural areas in Burkina Faso.

Compliance of young children with ITN protection in rural Burkina Faso.

Background: Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are known to be highly effective in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of ITNs is largely influenced by behavioural factors and not much is known regarding such factors under programme conditions.

Methods: This descriptive study was nested into a large ITN effectiveness study in rural Burkina Faso.

Aging sensitizes toward ROS formation and lipid peroxidation in PS1M146L transgenic mice.

Mutations in the presenilins (PS) account for the majority of familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases. To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress can underlie the deleterious effects of presenilin mutations, we analyzed lipid peroxidation products (4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defenses in brain tissue and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in splenic lymphocytes from transgenic mice bearing human PS1 with the M146L mutation (PS1M146L) compared to those from mice transgenic for wild-type human PS1 (PS1wt) and nontransgenic littermate control mice. In brain tissue, HNE levels were increased only in aged (19-22 months) PS1M146L transgenic animals compared to PS1wt mice and not in young (3-4 months) or middle-aged mice (13-15 months).

Effects of insecticide-treated bednets during early infancy in an African area of intense malaria transmission: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Insecticide-impregnated bednets and curtains have been shown by many studies to be effective against malaria. However, because of possible interactions with immunity development, treated bednets may cause no effect at all or even an increase in malaria morbidity and mortality in areas of high transmission. To clarify this issue, we did a randomized controlled trial to assess the long-term effects of bednet protection during early infancy.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptotic cell death, and Alzheimer's disease.

Being major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial structures are exposed to high concentrations of ROS and might therefore be particularly susceptible to oxidative injury. Mitochondrial damage may play a pivotal role in the cell death decision. Bolstered evidence indicates that mitochondrial abnormalities might be part of the spectrum of chronic oxidative stress occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD) finally contributing to synaptic failure and neuronal degeneration.