Comparison of the Effects of Pioglitazone versus Placebo when Given in Addition to Standard Insulin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Requiring Hemodialysis: Results from the PIOren Study.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and advanced kidney disease are usually treated with insulin. However, the prolonged pharmacokinetic insulin profile in patients with delayed renal insulin elimination impairs a successful therapy. Due to its hepatic metabolism, pioglitazone is a potential candidate for additional administration.