-Formylsaccharin: A Sweet(able) Formylating Agent in Mechanochemistry.

The acylation of amines has always attracted a deep interest as a synthetic route due to its high versatility in organic chemistry and biochemical processes. The purpose of this article is to present a mechanochemical acylation procedure based on the use of acyl-saccharin derivatives, namely -formylsaccharin, -acetylsaccharin, and -propionylsaccharin. This protocol furnishes a valuable solvent-free alternative to the existing processes and aims to be highly beneficial in multi-step procedures due to its rapid and user-friendly workup.

Effects of Chronic Bifidobacteria Administration in Adult Male Rats on Plasma Metabolites: A Preliminary Metabolomic Study.

Probiotics are live microorganisms distributed in the gastrointestinal tract that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Bifidobacteria have been widely tested as a therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders as well as in the regulation of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". Metabolomic techniques can provide details in the study of molecular metabolic mechanisms involved in Bifidobacteria function through the analysis of metabolites that positively contribute to human health.

A trustworthy mechanochemical route to isocyanides.

Isocyanides are hardly produced, dramatically sensitive to purification processes, and complex to handle as synthetic tools. Notwithstanding, they represent one of the most refined and valuable compounds for accessing sophisticated and elegant synthetic routes. A unique interest has always been addressed to their production, though their synthetic pathways usually involve employing strong conditions and toxic reagents.

The Echocardiographic Parameters of Systolic Function Are Associated with Specific Metabolomic Fingerprints in Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

The purpose of this study was to assess whether metabolomics, associated with echocardiography, was able to highlight pathophysiological differences between obstructive (OHCM) or non-obstructive (NOHCM) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Thirty-one HCM patients underwent standard and advanced echocardiography; a plasma sample was collected for metabolomic analysis. Results.

Metabolomic analysis of plasma from breast tumour patients. A pilot study.

Background: Patients at risk of breast cancer are submitted to mammography, resulting in a classification of the lesions following the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®). Due to BI-RADS 3 classification problems and the great uncertainty of the possible evolution of this kind of tumours, the integration of mammographic imaging with other techniques and markers of pathology, as metabolic information, may be advisable.

Design And Methods: Our study aims to evaluate the possibility to quantify by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) specific metabolites in the plasma of patients with mammograms classified from BI-RADS 3 to BI-RADS 5, to find similarities or differences in their metabolome.

Metabolomic profile of patients with left ventricular assist devices: a pilot study.

Background: Metabolomic profiling has important diagnostic and prognostic value in heart failure (HF). We investigated whether left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support has an impact on the metabolomic profile of chronic HF patients and if specific metabolic patterns are associated with the development of adverse events.

Methods: We applied untargeted metabolomics to detect and analyze molecules such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and other metabolites in plasma samples collected from thirty-three patients implanted with a continuous-flow LVAD.

Urinary metabolome of infants with colic treated with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938: a pilot randomized trial.

Background: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 is the only probiotic recommended for treatment of colicky infants, but its mechanism of action is not clear. The study aim was to examine urinary metabolomic fingerprint of colicky breastfed infants before and after 1 month of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 or placebo.

Methods: This randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out with a well-documented probiotic.

Metabolomic Analysis of Plasma from Knock-Out Mice Reveals Decreased Levels of Elaidic -Fatty Acid.

Mice lacking the GABA subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptors exhibit spontaneous seizures, hyperalgesia, hyperlocomotor activity, and memory impairment. Although mice lacking the GABA subunit are viable, they are sterile, and to generate knockout (KO) mice, it is necessary to cross heterozygous (HZ) mice. The aim of our study was to detect the metabolic differences between the three genotypes of KO mice in order to further characterize this experimental animal model.

The Urine Metabolome of Young Autistic Children Correlates with Their Clinical Profile Severity.

Autism diagnosis is moving from the identification of common inherited genetic variants to a systems biology approach. The aims of the study were to explore metabolic perturbations in autism, to investigate whether the severity of autism core symptoms may be associated with specific metabolic signatures; and to examine whether the urine metabolome discriminates severe from mild-to-moderate restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors. We enrolled 57 children aged 2-11 years; thirty-one with idiopathic autism and twenty-six neurotypical (NT), matched for age and ethnicity.

Metabolomic Analysis of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Cardiovascular Adverse Events after Treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Background: Cardiovascular adverse events (CV-AEs) are considered critical complications in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The aim of our study was to assess the correlation between metabolic profiles and CV-AEs in CML patients treated with TKIs.

Methods: We investigated 39 adult CML patients in chronic-phase (mean age 49 years, range 24-70 years), with no comorbidities evidenced at baseline, who were consecutively identified with CML and treated with imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, and ponatinib.

Correction to: Synthesis, protonation constants and biological activity determination of amino acid-salicylaldehyde‑derived Schiff bases.

Unfortunately in the online published article, the name of compound "L-salicylidenealanine" was published with incorrect spelling in the section "Synthesis of L‑salicylideneaniline (1a)". The section should correctly read as "Synthesis of L-salicylidenealanine".

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomic approach in human colorectal cancer (CRC): the emerging role of monosaccharides and amino acids.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been confirmed to be the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. We investigated the blood plasma metabolome in CRC patients and in healthy adults to elucidate the role of monosaccharides, amino acids, and their respective metabolic pathways as prognostic factors in patients with CRC.

Methods: Fifteen patients with CRC and nine healthy adults were enrolled in the study and their blood plasma samples analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Synthesis, protonation constants and biological activity determination of amino acid-salicylaldehyde-derived Schiff bases.

Schiff bases represent a class of molecules widely studied for their importance in organic and coordination chemistry. Despite the large amount of studies on the chemical and biological properties of the Schiff bases, the different experimental conditions prevent a useful comparison to search for a correlation structure-activity. Moreover, literature is lacking in comprehensive data on the spectroscopic characterization of these compounds.

Salivary Metabolomics Fingerprint of Chronic Apical Abscess with Sinus Tract: A Pilot Study.

Chronic apical abscess (CAA) is a lesion of apical periodontitis mostly characterized by areas of liquefactive necrosis with disintegrating polymorphonuclear neutrophils surrounded by macrophages. Its presence leads to local bacterial infection, systemic inflammatory response, pain, and swelling. The use of a novel approach for the study of CAA, such as metabolomics, seems to be important since it has proved to be a powerful tool for biomarkers discovery which could give novel molecular insight on CAA.

Metal-free mechanochemical oxidations in Ertalyte jars.

Aimed at eliminating or at least significantly reducing the use of solvents, sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals (NaOCl·5HO) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a nitrosyl radical (TEMPO or AZADO) have been successfully used to induce mechanochemical oxidative processes on several structurally different primary and secondary alcohols. The proposed redox process is safe, inexpensive and performing effectively, especially on the macroscale. Herein, an Ertalyte jar has been successfully used, for the first time, in a mechanochemical process.

The Metabolomic Profile of Lymphoma Subtypes: A Pilot Study.

Lymphoma defines a group of different diseases. This study examined pre-treatment plasma samples from 66 adult patients (aged 20-74) newly diagnosed with any lymphoma subtype, and 96 frequency matched population controls. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to compare the metabolic profile by case/control status and across the major lymphoma subtypes.

Urinary profiles associated with bacterial metabolites from asymptomatic pregnant women with at term or preterm premature rupture of membranes: a pilot study.

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) are frequent conditions with a not fully understood multifactorial etiology. It has been suggested that infection may be the leading cause of pPROM. Metabolomics is nowadays recognized as a successful and versatile approach for the investigation of several pathological conditions, including pregnancy-related ones.

Urine metabolome analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS): Standardization and optimization of protocols for urea removal and short-term sample storage.

Background: Before derivatization, urine analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) requires the complete removal of urea to avoid interferences. We aimed at establishing the most effective sample pretreatment for urea removing; moreover, we explored the impact of two short-term sample storage conditions on urine metabolome.

Methods: 92 aliquots were obtained from a single sample collected from a healthy adult; they were divided into 6 groups.

Preliminary metabolomics analysis of placenta in maternal obesity.

Introduction: Metabolomics identifies phenotypical groups with specific metabolic profiles, being increasingly applied to several pregnancy conditions. This is the first preliminary study analyzing placental metabolomics in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) pregnancies.

Methods: Twenty NW (18.

Urinary metabolomic analysis to identify preterm neonates exposed to histological chorioamnionitis: A pilot study.

Objective: Chorioamnionitis is a leading cause of preterm birth worldwide, with higher incidence at lower gestational ages. An early and reliable diagnosis of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) in preterm infants may be helpful in guiding postnatal management, especially the administration of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent early-onset sepsis. The main aim of this study was to investigate metabolomic analysis of urines collected in the first 24 hours of life as diagnostic tool of HCA.

Urinary gas chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomics in asphyxiated newborns undergoing hypothermia: from the birth to the first month of life.

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a severe clinical condition affecting around four million newborns worldwide. It consists of an impaired gas exchange leading to three biochemical components: hypoxemia, hypercapnia and metabolic acidosis.

Methods: The aim of this longitudinal experimental study was to identify the urine metabolome of newborns with perinatal asphyxia and to follow changes in urine metabolic profile over time.

Multivariate data validation for investigating primary HCMV infection in pregnancy.

We reported data concerning the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomic analysis of amniotic fluid (AF) samples obtained from pregnant women infected with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). These data support the publication "Primary HCMV Infection in Pregnancy from Classic Data towards Metabolomics: an Exploratory analysis" (C. Fattuoni, F.

Primary HCMV infection in pregnancy from classic data towards metabolomics: An exploratory analysis.

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the most frequent risk of viral infections during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile in amniotic fluid (AF) samples obtained from HCMV-infected, and uninfected fetuses in order to elucidate changes in metabolic pathways during congenital HCMV infection and to recognize new potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 63 pregnant women: 20 contracted primary HCMV infection during pregnancy and, subsequently, transmitted the virus to the fetus (transmitters); 20 contracted the infection without transmitting the virus to the fetus (non-transmitters); 23 who underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic-based diagnosis were considered controls.

The choice of amniotic fluid in metabolomics for the monitoring of fetus health.

Amniotic fluid (AF) is a biological fluid in which metabolite transport is regulated by the placenta, the permeable skin, fetal lung egress and gastric fluid. During pregnancy, the composition of AF changes from similar to the interstitial fluid of the mother, to a more complex system, influenced by the fetus's urine. Since AF reflects the mother's and the fetus's health status at the same time, it may be an important diagnostic tool for a wider spectrum of clinical conditions.