Cidofovir for treating complicated monkeypox in a man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

In July 23, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared monkeypox (MPX) a global health emergency of international concern given its rapid spread. So far, most current MPX outbreaks have involved young men who have sex with men (MSM), although with overall mild, self-limiting clinical manifestations. We aim to describe the case of an HIV positive young MSM whose status of immune compromission probably contributed to a more severe clinical course of MPX disease, thus requiring hospitalization and antiviral treatment.

Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease.

The latest developments in precision medicine allow the modulation of therapeutic approaches in different pathologies on the basis of the specific molecular characterization of the patient. This review of the literature coupled with in silico analysis was to provide a selected screening of interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and drugs (repurposed, investigational, and biological agents) showing efficacy and toxicityin counteracting Covid-19 infection. In silico analysis of genetic variants related to each drug was performed on such databases as PharmGKB, Ensembl Genome Browser, www.

Gp120 substitutions at positions associated with resistance to fostemsavir in treatment-naive HIV-1-positive individuals.

Objectives: Fostemsavir, a novel attachment inhibitor targeting the HIV-1 gp120, has demonstrated wide in vitro activity. However, the high rate of HIV gp120 substitutions could jeopardize its efficacy. We investigated envelope (env) substitutions at positions associated with resistance to fostemsavir in patients with a new HIV-1 diagnosis according to HIV subtype and tropism.

Variability OF HIV-1 V2 env domain for integrin binding: Clinical correlates.

The HIV V2 (HXB2 numbering) tripeptide mediates binding to α4β7 integrin, which is responsible for GALT homing. Our study aimed to assess V2 variability in naive HIV-1 infected patients and its association with clinical and viro-immunological features. Gp120 sequences were obtained from 322 subjects; length, potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGs), net-charge (NC) and tripeptide α4β7-binding-motif of V2 were evaluated.

HIV-1 coreceptor tropism: A syllogistic connection with The Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index and the CD4/CD8 ratio.

Background: The association between X4 virus and an increased risk of non-AIDS-events has been reported. Morbidity/mortality due to non-AIDS events, which are properly predicted by the CD4/CD8 ratio and VACS index, have become particularly remarkable in HIV-infected patients receiving effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods: We verified the validity of the syllogism: as HIV-tropism (CRT) contributes to the onset of non-AIDS events which are successfully predicted by the CD4/CD8 ratio and VACS index, then CRT correlates with these two variables.

HIV-RNA decay in paired blood and semen samples of subjects receiving their first dolutegravir-based ART regimen.

Background And Objectives: We aimed to investigate to what extent a first-line DTG-based ART regimen reduces HIV-RNA in semen compared to plasma.

Study Design: In this prospective, observational study, ART-naïve, HIV-infected males starting their first ART regimen with DTG plus TDF/FTC or ABC/3TC were enrolled. Paired blood (BP) and seminal plasma (SP) samples were collected at baseline (T0) and at week-2/4/12/24 after ART initiation.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in Beira, Mozambique.

Introduction: Data regarding the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in Africa are scarce. DM screening among TB patients in Mozambique was carried out.

Methods: The study was implemented from January to August 2016 in three Urban Health Centers in Beira, Mozambique and recruited adult (>18 years) patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary TB.

HCV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected individuals treated with direct-acting antivirals: to what extent do they differ?

Background: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-based treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with high sustained virological response (SVR) rates and good tolerability in randomized clinical trials. This study was performed to assess the safety and effectiveness of DAAs in both HCV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected patients.

Methods: All consecutive HCV-infected patients, including HIV/HCV co-infected patients, receiving DAA-based treatment from February 2015 to September 2016 at the study clinic were included.

The elderly and direct antiviral agents: Constraint or challenge?

Background: Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C showed great effectiveness and good safety profile. So far, few data are available about their use in elderly subjects.

Aim: To assess management, safety and outcome of DAAs treatments in the elderly.

HCV clearance after direct-acting antivirals in patients with cirrhosis by stages of liver impairment: The ITAL-C network study.

Background: Sustained virological response (SVR12) rates at 12 weeks after treatment for HCV-infected patients with decompensated cirrhosis are used when referring to those with moderate functional impairment, while few data are available for those with more severe impairment. The use of the cirrhosis staging system proposed by D'Amico might provide new insights on timing for antiviral therapy.

Methods: We investigated efficacy (SVR12), safety, and post-treatment variations in clinical and laboratory parameters in 2612 patients with advanced fibrosis (n=575) or cirrhosis (n=2037).

An intricate case of multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolate imported from Cambodia.

Background: Imported cases of multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum and treatment failure with artemisinin-based regimens, although rare, have been described also in Western countries and their management is often challenging. This is also due to an inadequate knowledge and implementation of health prevention measures.

Case Report: A complex case of imported malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax/P.

Dengue fever in travellers and risk of local spreading: case reports from Southern Italy and literature update.

Dengue fever (DF), an arbovirosis caused by Dengue viruses (DV, serotypes 1-4), is responsible for an increasing number of travel-related acute febrile illnesses due to population growth, climate changes, spreading by viremic travellers, and improved laboratory diagnosis. The presence of efficient vectors (mosquito Aedes albopictus) has also been described in temperate regions including Italy which is considered the most heavily infected European country. Normally characterized by non-specific signs and symptoms, DF incidence is probably underestimated, especially in non-endemic countries, but the risk of severe forms is substantial.

Tuberculosis and diabetes: current state and future perspectives.

This review outlines the association between tuberculosis and diabetes, focusing on epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment, and evaluates future perspectives, with particular attention to developing countries.